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EN
The European integration policy, the transformation of modern media and historical democratic traditions contribute to the activities of numerous nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in European region, collaborating with local organizations in Ukraine. The areas of cooperation are: the protection of human rights to freedom of expression and media independence and pluralism, the protection of journalists' professional activity, the right of access to information by European standards, the right to development of public radio and television, the right to free and non-discriminatory access to the Internet and so on.
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Peace Movements in the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict

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PL
The peace movements, both Palestinians and Israelis, have been little discussed academically, however, its importance in the development of the Israeli- Palestinian conflict is crucial. This article intends to expose the dynamics that the Israeli and Palestinian peace organizations have had over the years.Full text: http://bazhum.muzhp.pl/czasopismo/589/?idno=14763
EN
The purpose of this article is to present the functioning of Subcarpathian public benefit organizations (pbo) in the field of cross-sectoral cooperation and financing of their activities. This has been done on the basis of CATI research (N = 368), taking into account the narrow understanding of the concept of civil society, which is the background for the activities of the analyzed NGO's. The main problem of public benefit organizations in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship seems to be the passivity of these entities, which manifests itself in focusing on obtaining finance from public sources and from private donors, and not on the active search for sources of income e.g. by running own business or charging fees for services. Also, the forms of cooperation undertaken by the public benefit organizations with primary and secondary sectors suggest that their leaders focus their attention on receiving money, and not on joint activities for the benefit of the community, the use of employee volunteering or taking an active part in consultations conducted by central and local authorities. An attempt was made to solve the problem, which is based on the assumption that public benefit organizations located in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship should, through their actions, fit into the liberal concept of civil society. This would not simply enable the sector itself to be activated, which could also contribute to the activation of the inhabitants of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship. This could provide the basis for the creation of a strong civil society, which not only would be a passive observer of political and social events, but also an active stakeholder in public life.
PL
Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka funkcjonowania podkarpackich organizacji pożytku publicznego (opp) w zakresie współpracy międzysektorowej oraz finansowania ich działalności. Badania przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem techniki CATI (N=368), uwzględniając wąskie rozumienie pojęcia społeczeństwa obywatelskiego, które jest tłem działań analizowanych Non Governmental Organizations (NGO’s). Głównym problemem organizacji pożytku publicznego w województwie podkarpackim wydaje się bierność tych podmiotów, która przejawia się w koncentracji na pozyskiwaniu finansów ze źródeł publicznych oraz od prywatnych darczyńców, a nie na aktywnym poszukiwaniu źródeł dochodu, np. poprzez prowadzenie własnej działalności gospodarczej czy pobieranie dopłat do świadczonych usług. Również formy współpracy podejmowane przez opp z I i II sektorem sugerują zogniskowanie uwagi ich liderów na otrzymywaniu pieniędzy, a nie na wspólnych działaniach na rzecz społeczności, wykorzystywaniu wolontariatu pracowniczego czy braniu czynnego udziału w konsultacjach prowadzonych przez władze rządowe i samorządowe. Podjęta została próba rozwiązania problemu, która opiera się na założeniu, że organizacje pożytku publicznego zlokalizowane w województwie podkarpackim powinny poprzez swoje działania wpisywać się w liberalną koncepcję społeczeństwa obywatelskiego. Pozwoliłoby to nie tylko na zaktywizowanie sektora, co przyczynić by się mogło także do uaktywnienia mieszkańców województwa podkarpackiego. Mogłoby to stanowić podstawę do tworzenia się silnego społeczeństwa obywatelskiego, które nie byłoby tylko biernym obserwatorem zdarzeń politycznych i społecznych, lecz aktywnym aktorem życia publicznego.
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EN
Non-governmental organizations have similar roles throughout Europe. They are meant to make people live better. However, the legal conditions in individual countries, due to their historical background and the socio-economic situation, are quite different. In this paper, the author shows the forms of activities of non-governmental organizations in European countries and the processes that took place there, and thanks to which European organizational models have evolved.  
PL
Organizacje pozarządowe odgrywają podobną rolę w całej Europie. Mają one sprawić, że ludziom będzie się żyło lepiej. Warunki prawne ich funkcjonowania w poszczególnych krajach, ze względu na rozwój historyczny i sytuację społeczno-gospodarczą, są jednak zupełnie inne. W niniejszym artykule autor prezentuje formy działalności organizacji pozarządowych w krajach europejskich oraz procesy, dzięki którym ewoluowały europejskie modele organizacyjne.  
EN
This article comprises a synthetic general review, presentation analysis and assessment of interpretation and efficiency of main legal sources of protection of children’s rights in international, European and Polish home law. As well as other problems of social and individual safety of children and youth, against of all forms of violence and abuse, social orphanage and other pathologies, aimed at building of a general common feelings of their safety in everyday life and activities. Authors present the two complementary spheres of organized institutional protection, prevention and intervention of children’s rights, based on the most important sources of law and asses their implementation and functioning in practice in Poland. The first sphere of the Polish model and system of protection of children’s rights, based on both legal and material guarantees and instruments, are public – state and territorial self-governing administration authorities, dedicated organs, institutions such as Ombudsman of children’s rights, regional and local centers of social care, safety and protection of family life and all forms of intervention in case of all forms of crises, violence and abuse of children and youth. The second complementary spheres of very dynamic manifold activities and social initiatives of various NGO’s and informal groups and individual persons, aiming at effective protection of children’s rights. These nongovernmental activities, both initiate, stimulate and control different forms of real prevention, protection, intervention and defense of children and their rights and counteracting all forms of social orphanage, violence and abuse in social relations with children and adolescents in different domains of our life, as well private and public. Their main aim is increasing of the feeling of safety of children and youth in Poland on the grounds of proper implementation and interpretation of respective legal regulations
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