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Federalism, Agitation for Resource Decentralization and Conflicts in Nigeria’s Oil Producing Niger Delta

100%
Luqman S.
Hemispheres. Studies on Cultures and Societies
|
2011
|
issue 26
5-27
EN
While federalism remains resilience in Nigeria, there has arisen trend towards call for greater autonomy by ethno-national movements in southern Nigeria. Many of these movements had emerged amidst the suffocating repression witnessed under successive military dictatorships. While the return to democratic rule in 1999 brought back measurable freedom of speech, association and popular participation, it has failed to yield the socio-economic dividends envisaged by people in the Niger Delta and across Nigeria. Relying on data collated from published newspapers interviews, articles, opinion pieces, editorials and other published academic works, this study assess the centrality of the agitation for resource control in the face-off between people of the Niger Delta and the Nigerian state. Based on these documentations the study tries to infer the place of fiscal decentralization as a factor in the simmering conflict in Nigeria’s oil region.
2

Oil Spill: а Deterrence to Regional Development of the Niger Delta Region

100%
Emeka N. J.
Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky
|
2016
|
vol. 4(74)
152-161
EN
Regional development is a process of a regional system that is focused on building a dynamic parameters for quality life of the regional population, with sustainable, balanced and multi-factorial reproduction of social, economic resource and environmental potentials of the territory. It aims at utilizing the development potentials of the region to attract inward investment, improve human development and living conditions of the population. This noble aim of regional development has fallen short of its goals in the Niger delta region of Nigeria. This is largely because of unsustainable oil exploration and production activities in this region. Nigeria economy depends on oil revenue for national income and foreign exchange earnings. The source of this wealth is the Niger Delta region of the country. One of the devastating effects of oil exploration and production in the Niger delta is oil spill. Oil spills are recurrent problems with serious consequences both on the human life and ecosystem vitality. For decades, oil spills have devastated the environment of the fertile Niger-Delta. The resultant effect is the decline of agriculture – farming and fishing, forest resources and other money yielding natural resources The constant pollution and contamination of underground water and other water bodies have resulted increase of health problems. Poverty and unemployment are on the high rate. Oil spill has indeed remained an obstacle to development of this region. The aim of this paper therefore is to highlight the development deterring and eco-destructive effects of oil spill on the Niger delta region with the aim to suggesting ways of improvement.
3
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THE RELEVANCE OF ROTATIONAL PRESIDENCY IN MANAGING ETHNIC CONFLICTS IN NIGERIA

100%
Irobi E., Agwuele A. O.
Hemispheres. Studies on Cultures and Societies
|
2007
|
issue 22
33-45
EN
The article presents the problem of rotational presidency in managing ethnic conflicts and the imperative of rotational presidency in Nigeria. It also describes causes of ethnic conflicts in this country. Generally, one of the major causes of ethnic conflicts in Nigeria is economic in nature. There is also a competition for land, political offices, public positions, jobs, educational facilities, social amenities, proceeds of natural resources, location of major industries by federal government. Another major cause of conflict in Nigeria is the politicization of religion, namely the fusion of religion and politics. The adoption of Sharia (Islamic legal code) by all states of Northen Nigeria had generated a lot of political unease and tension among Christrian and Muslim communities in Nigeria. The authors give examples of those conflicts such as the Kano conflict in the late 2001, the Jos riots 2003 and the Hausa-Fulani vs. Yoruba in 2000. Still another factor that causes ethnic conflict in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization, because no ethnic group wants to be dominated by others in the national political and economic schemes. Moreover the British colonial administration endorsed separate development plans and rules for the Northen and Southern peoples. This discriminatory policy created disparity and social distance among Christian Southerners and the Muslim North. The major root cause of ethnic conflict was unequal treatment of ethnic groups by colonialists in terms of education and social development, which laid the foundation of intense ethnic competition in Nigeria. This led to corruption, nepotism and tribalism. To prevent this, Nigeria has got rotational presidency system.
4
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UNMET HUMAN NEEDS AND THE NIGER DELTA CONFLICT IN NIGERIA

100%
Irobi E. G.
Hemispheres. Studies on Cultures and Societies
|
2008
|
issue 23
77=93
EN
This article examines the conflict in Niger Delta, the oil producing region of Nigeria. It focuses on the cause of conflict using the unmet human needs theory of John Burton (1990). The analysis X-rays the issues underlying the violence, arguing that it was a result of inarticulate government policies that failed to satisfy the needs of various communities in the region. Applying this conflict resolution tool should help us tp provide a way out of the problem.
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