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1

NOMADIC PEOPLES OF THE BLACK SEA STEPPES - FROM KIMMERIANS TO POLOVTSY. OUTLINE OF THE POLITICAL RELATIONS

100%
Paron A.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2009
|
vol. 61
97-145
EN
The article concerns a problem of presence of nomadic groups in the South Eastern Europe, with a special regard to Black Sea Steppes. The author made a review of nomadic political organisations which domianted on this area from the beginning of the 1st millennium BC till the first half of 13th century AD, i.e. till the Mongol conquest. Majority of the created during this vast space of time political organism had shape of the so-called early state. Their existence depanded on the surplus, gained thanks to the contacts with the outside world (trade, plundering, tributes, conquest of the sedentary population). In this situation any more significant politicial disturbance could cause the decline of nomadic state and the return to the stateless organisation. The main reason of the political changes were the migrations of the new ethnoses.
2

CHANGES IN THE POLITICAL AND LEGAL SYSTEM OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE PROCESS OF ITS INCORPORATION INTO THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE FROM THE SECOND HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY TO THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY

75%
Shaukenov A.
Asian and African Studies
|
2013
|
vol. 22
|
issue 2
279 – 301
EN
This article is devoted to studying changes that Kazakh society underwent in the political, legal and economic spheres in the process of its incorporation into the Russian Empire. This paper describes the peculiarities of the status of the khans’ power on the Kazakh steppe and the specificity of power relations in the society of the nomads. The author has tried to identify the causes of the loss of sovereignty of the Kazakh khanates from the second half of the 18th century to the end of the 19th century.
3

ASTRONOMY AND CENTROGRAPHY REGARDING THE SACRAL OBJECTS OF SAIAN-ALTAI (Sajaani-Altai kultusobjektide astronoomia ja tsentrograafia)

63%
Marsadolov L.
Mäetagused
|
2011
|
vol. 48
79-94
EN
Not only in settled civilizations, but also among nomads there existed outstanding individuals such as politics, soldiers, wise men, artists and religious figures, sometimes today being considered anonymous. The idea of the Universe is pronounced in detail in the large barrows of the chieftains of Saian-Altai nomad tribes. The centre of large Eurasian regions could be displaced depending on many time-wise and spatial factors. The necessity of astronomical observations, for nomadic peoples of Eurasia, existed in the sacral meaning of time. The celestial bodies, the Sun and the Moon were a part of the cult of the Sky. In the cult monuments of Siberia there was organised a complex system reflecting the relations of an ancient person with the natural environment, Space.
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