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1

MÜNZEN AUS DER ÄLTEREN RÖMERZEIT IM MILIEU DER NORDKARPATHISCHEN GRUPPE IN DER ZIPS

100%
Soják M., Novák A.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2021
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vol. 69
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issue suppl 2
317 – 322
EN
The paper discusses Roman coins found separately in the outskirts of the town of Spišská Belá (Kežmarok distr.). The analysis showed that the coins are Roman denarii from the 1st – 2nd c., between years 73 and 180 CE. All the coins were found at registered archaeological sites attributed to the northern Carpathian group dated back to the turn of the 4th and 5th c. Most likely, the coins were not in circulation so deep in Barbaricum. Instead, they had been gathered and transferred through generations, and the precious metal they were made of – silver – was later secondarily used. This hypothesis is corroborated by finds of numerous coins with broken edges including seven denarii from Spišská Belá. The secondary use of older Roman denarii by people belonging to the northern Carpathian group was confirmed at numerous sites in Spiš (e.g. the hoard from Žehra, Temná Cave) or Liptov but also in Czechia, Lesser Poland, Ukraine and Upper Silesia.
2
Content available remote

DECLINE OF ANTIQUITY AND THE BEGINNING OF A NEW ERA IN THE POLISH CARPATHIANS

88%
Madyda-Legutko R., Tunia K.
Študijné zvesti
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2020
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vol. 67
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issue 2
285 - 309
EN
The paper presents the cultural situation on the northern slopes of the West Carpathians during the Late Roman, the Early Migration and the beginning of the Early Medieval periods. At the close of antiquity, the western part of the area under discussion was inhabited by communities referred to as the North Carpathian group. Their settlement model in that period included single-household settlements situated in high locations, and in wide river valleys on the edges of overflowing terraces. People who living in these settlements maintained contact with the northern, mountainous part of Slovakia, and also with the Carpathian Basin, the Danube River basin, and the post-Chernyakhov culture milieu. A new cultural cycle was initiated in the West Carpathians by the inflow of early Slavic groups representing the so-called Prague cultural province into the southern Vistula River basin. The decline of settlement of the North Carpathian group and the appearance of that linked with early Slavs both seem to fall around the middle of the 5th century, and there may have been a causal link between these two phenomena.
3

ANIMAL REMAINS FROM THE LATE ROMAN AND EARLY MIGRATION PERIOD SETTLEMENTS AT VRBOV AND LAZISKO (NORTHERN SLOVAKIA)

88%
Bielichová Z.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2021
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vol. 69
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issue suppl 2
301 – 315
EN
The aim of the contribution is to present the very first information on the animal remains from the North Carpathian Group unfortified settlements (4th – 5th c. AD) of northern Slovakia. Although the analysed sample size is small – 348 specimens in total – it sheds light on animal husbandry, hunting and the animal-based diet of these populations. Despite their different natural settings, the riverine settlement at Vrbov-Vrbovský lesík (Kežmarok distr.) and the hilltop settlement at Lazisko-Zvon (Liptovský Mikuláš distr.) showed the same dependence on domestic livestock with a focus on cattle (Bos taurus) and caprines (Ovis/Capra). The higher age-at-slaughter of both species suggested they were most probably of mixed utility, i.e. they produced meat, milk and wool. At both sites, pigs (Sus domesticus) occurred in low numbers. The butchered horse bones (Equus caballus) from Lazisko indicated that horse meat was occasionally consumed. Also results suggested that wild mammals played a negligible role in either subsistence terms or the economy. The find of a brown bear tooth from Lazisko, most probably an amulet, reflects the sporadic hunting activities that did take place.
4
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VÝŠINNÉ SÍDLISKÁ ŽIAR A VEĽKÝ BYSTEREC V KONTEXTE OSÍDLENIA SEVEROKARPATSKEJ SKUPINY NA LIPTOVE A NA ORAVE

63%
Lofajová Danielová B., Furman  M., Hajnalová  M.
Študijné zvesti
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2023
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vol. 70
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issue 2
239 – 268
EN
The North Carpathian group is an archaeological culture of the central European Late Roman and Early Migration period (4th and the 5th century AD) for which high altitude settlement at difficult to access mountain locations is typical. The choice of such a location has been linked to social and political instability and the proximity of iron ore sources. Here we present archaeological material from two recently discovered and excavated sites of this culture group located in characteristic locations Žiar, southern slope of Solisko, which lies in the Liptov region and Dolný Kubín-Veľký Bysterec, Podtarnikovo in the Orava region. Radiocarbon dates on short-lived plant remains samples place both settlements to the period of the second half of the 4th to the first third of the 5th century AD. The results of our analysis of recovered material culture, topography and raw materials distribution correlated with other available data for the period in these two regions confirm 1. The availability of iron ore in the vicinity (max. 5 km) of almost every known site of the North Carpathian group, 2. Location of settlements almost exclusively at a greater distance from the main watercourses, but always in visual contact with strategic points (fords, confluences, communications). The evidence of both eco-facts and artefacts jointly demonstrate local production of plant crops and indicate permanent settlements and subsistence farming strategy. Therefore we interpret the high altitude sites of the North Carpathian group firstly as regular settlements, not refuge places which were considered by multiple authors.
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