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On the Notion of Culture

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Mencwel A.

Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki

2007

issue 1(16)

71-79

The author, referring to Marek Siemek's book 'The idea of transcendentalism in Fichte and Kant', underlines the significance of the notion of culture as the area between the world of noumena and the world of phenomena, as the border area between 'freedom' and 'nature'. This notion stems from Kantian rejection of the idea of direct knowledge, and from his commitment to the holistic, relation, mediated account of knowledge - on the epistemological, and not epistemic level, as Siemek strongly underlines. This mediated sphere is the intersubjective structure of socialization and culture. According to the author, such notion allows to avoid extreme positions both of Positivism and of Romanticism: the culture is not one-sidedly construed of as purely material, rational and collective artifact, and at the same time it is not being reduced to purely individual, irrational, and spiritual expression. Fichte sketched a vision of culture as a real interpersonal sphere. Fichte's heritage, though forgotten, was deeply entrenched in the tradition of German idealism, and is visible also in Marx, however only implicitly in Marxism. Even though Marx himself never wrote about culture per se, he was pursuing theory of knowledge that was both social philosophy and philosophy of culture. And after Kant such philosophy is the only philosophy worth its name.

Przekształcanie się problemów filozoficznych w kulturoznawcze jako wyraz procesu humanizacji świata

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Mamzer H.

Filo-Sofija

2011

vol. 11

issue 1(12)

263-278

This text is inspired by main research problem undertaken by Jerzy Kmita in his book Konieczne serio ironisty. O przekształcaniu się problemów filozoficznych w kulturoznawcze (Poznań 2007). The mentioned problem is related to this area of culture to which „The human being had invaded and thanks to this started to construct both the world and himself”. Beginning from this moment the way followed by humans equals the process of the world’s humanization. This is not a continuous process. Each epoch, each culture, has its own vision of own functioning and the way which surrounding world functions, the world in which the social actor participates and creates. The practice proves that usually ethnocentric human attitudes influence the way in which original assumptions are introduced into the life. Reaction to this fact is giving up practicing philosophical practices related with the notion of “absolute” and, as consequences, moving into the field of cultural studies. This process is the demonstration of the world’s humanization. The notion of culture is the superior one. In a way – a priori – of all types of human activities. The science and philosophy are produced by the culture as well, and they are shaped by the values and expectations present in given culture. Because of this cultural studies (knowledge on the culture) appears to be “broad meaning type of knowledge”, exceeding the borders of the philosophy.

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On the Notion of Culture

Przekształcanie się problemów filozoficznych w kulturoznawcze jako wyraz procesu humanizacji świata