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NOVELTY DETECTION AND AGING: PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS

100%
Czigler I., Balazs L., Pato L., Poszet E., Weisz J.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2006
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vol. 61
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issue 4
581-595
EN
Stimuli outside the task-set ('novelty stimuli') may initiate the processes of the orientation complex. These processes comprise the activity of neural networks contributing to the emergence of N2b and P3a/P3novelty components of event-related potentials. In the elderly these components have longer latency and smaller amplitude for auditory as well as visual stimuli. Delayed latency corresponds to the slowing of mental processes in the elderly. Amplitude change may be due to compromised inhibitory processes. The age-related change of the efficiency of inhibitory processes is evidenced by the decreased habituation of the orientation-related event-related potential components. In younger participants P3a/P3novelty habituation is evident within an experimental session, within the blocks of the session and even for the repeated presentation of the same stimulus. No such habituation processes were detected in the elderly. According to the results of three studies in the visual modality, N2b is related to the conflict between the processing of the incoming novelty stimuli and the response requirements of the representation of the incoming task.
2
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Инновационная деятельность учреждения дополнительного образования как педагогический феномен

86%
Нагибина Н., Ипполитова Н.
General and Professional Education
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2012
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issue 1
36-44
EN
The analysis of the notion “innovation activity of a complementary education institution as a pedagogic phenomenon” is represented in the article. On the basis of the comparative multi aspect analysis of the notions “innovation”, “novelty”, “innovation activity“, “innovation process”, “complementary education” the notion “innovation activity of a complementary education institution” is defined and its main characteristic features are revealed. The paper characterizes the present state of complementary education institution teachers’ innovation activity. The characteristic features of complementary education institution teachers without pedagogical education are presented. The innovation process in complementary education institutions is also disclosed. Scope of problems in complementary education institutions for children is viewed.
3

Novelty responses of harvesting ants: facts, hypotheses and open questions

86%
Godzinska E. J.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2004
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vol. 35
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issue 2
77-90
EN
The paper discusses selected experimental data on behavioural patterns shown by the harvesting ants in response to novel objects, and on behavioural modifications taking place during the process of their familiarization with novel seeds and other objects. Stress is laid on the role of individual experience, dietary history of the colony and innate factors in determining the responses of these ants to seeds. Familiarization with novel objects is also discussed in terms of learning, transient memory, behavioural flexibility, and switching from excited high-tempo behaviour triggered by novel objects to calm low-tempo behaviour observed in familiar situations. Some hypotheses concerning the evolution of behavioural patterns employed by the ants when seizing and transporting various food and nonfood items are also discussed.
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