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1

PERCEPTIONS OF THE POLICE: THE ROLE OF NEED FOR COGNITION AND NUMERACY

100%
Pham C., Cheng J.
Studia Psychologica
|
2020
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vol. 62
|
issue 4
314 – 334
EN
The public’s perceptions of the police are related to people’s willingness to obey the law and cooperate with law enforcement. Past research has found that demographics affect perceptions of the police. This study hypothesizes that those with a higher level of need for cognition and numeracy have more positive attitudes toward the police, possibly because they are more likely to recognize the importance and neces¬sity of the police. 443 U.S. residents participated in this study via MTurk in May 2019. The demographic variables of age, gender, education, race, income, political ideology and party affiliation were collected. Crime rate was estimated via zip code obtained by searching IP address. Participants also completed the need for cognition, subjective and objective sales. As a result, in addition to replicating the role of demographic variables and crime rate, the study found that after controlling for demographics and crime rate, perceptions of the police were positively related to need for cognition and subjective and objective nu¬meracy. Overall, this study indicates that thinking disposition and cognitive ability play a significant role in how the public perceives the police. The study also implies that perceptions of the police were a class issue. Future studies on hot social issues could extend their focus to cognitive factors.
2

ROLE OF NUMERACY AND COGNITIVE REFLECTION IN BAYESIAN REASONING WITH NATURAL FREQUENCIES

88%
Sirota M., Juanchich M.
Studia Psychologica
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2011
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vol. 53
|
issue 2
151-161
EN
The facilitative effect of natural frequencies in Bayesian reasoning task is a robust phenomenon. However, it does not benefit everyone the same way and the reasons why remain open. This paper examines to what extent numeracy and cognitive reflection can account for individual differences in Bayesian task performance. Our results showed that participants with good numerical ability and cognitive reflection performed better than participant with lower numerical ability and cognitive reflection. Furthermore, mediation analysis showed that numeracy does not mediate the effect of cognitive reflection on Bayesian performance. The role of numeracy in performance was clarified and cognitive reflection was identified as a new determinant of Bayesian performance. Numeracy and cognitive reflection account for the individual differences of the facilitative effect of the natural frequencies in the process of belief revision. These findings have implications for the debate on the nature of the facilitation effect and for improving communication of risk, such as informed consent concerning treatment.
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