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Measuring elementary functions in numerical tasks with the selective load method

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Krajcsi A.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2005
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vol. 60
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issue 4
457-478
EN
The measurement of an elementary mental function of a person can be obtained in many conditions. Several procedures are available, e.g. tests, reaction time measurement, psychophysical methods, etc. However, in some cases none of them seems appropriate. For instance, it is hard to find a suitable method to confirm the deficit of the so-called mental number line in developmental dyscalculia (developmental problem of numerical abilities). The selective load method introduced in this paper is a reaction time measurement method based on a special design. The validity of the method is verified on the example of numerical tasks. Solving numerical problems requires several mental functions, according to the tasks: e.g. semantic representation of quantities, verbal retrieval, executing operations. According to the validation the selective load method is able to isolate elementary functions involved in the solution of the task. Compared to previous procedures, the selective load method provides a more valid method for measuring the selected functions, offering new possibilities in basic research, and in diagnosis of developmental and acquired deficits.
2

NUMERICAL ABILITIES IN WILLIAMS-SYNDROME: DISSOCIATED ANALOGUE QUANTITATIVE SYSTEM AND VERBAL RECALL

100%
Krajcsi A., Igacs J., Lukacs A., Racsmany M., Pleh C.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2008
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vol. 63
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issue 1
103-115
EN
Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder accompanied by serious damage to numerical abilities. The working of two numerical systems, the analogue amount system and the verbal system, were investigated in Williams syndrome. Three different numerical tasks were used: simple addition, simple multiplication, and number comparison. A new matching method was introduced to find a proper control group. Typically developing control groups were matched using reaction time data from one of the tasks. The WS group had a relatively fast reaction time in addition and multiplication tasks (verbal recall of the number table), but the group was slow in number comparison (analogue quantity estimation in the intraparietal sulcus). In the number comparison task no reverse number effects were found, and the distance effect was stronger then in the control groups. On the basis of these data the postulation of an impaired analogue quantity system together with a relatively intact verbal recall system in Williams syndrome is supported.
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