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Józef Maria Poniatowski i „Gospodarka Narodowa”

100%

Jarosz-Nojszewska A.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

2011

vol. 248

issue 5-6

123-139

The author discusses the socioeconomic views of onetime Polish economist and military leader Józef Maria Poniatowski (1897-1995) and his ties to Gospodarka Narodowa (National Economy) magazine, which was published every two weeks in the 1930s. Although Poniatowski was considered to be one of the leading economic policy makers of his time, no attempts were made to discuss his economic views in Polish scientific literature up to now, according to Jarosz-Nojszewska. She analyzes Poniatowski’s publications and presents his views about the most important economic problems of interwar Poland, on the basis of documents from the Central Archives of Modern Records (AAN) in Warsaw as well as the archives of the Warsaw School of Economics (SGH) and Warsaw Agricultural University (SGGW). The author highlights some of the key facts from Poniatowski’s life as well as his family ties, which had a huge impact on his views, especially in issues related to agricultural policy. Józef Poniatowski came from a family of landowners. He graduated in economics from the Warsaw School of Economics, and also had a degree in agriculture from Warsaw Agricultural University and a degree in law from the University of Paris. In the 1920s and 1930s, Poniatowski worked as a researcher and also dealt with politics. He was one of the co-founders and most active members of a business association known as the National Economy Club. He published dozens of articles in Gospodarka Narodowa, most of them focusing on the problems of the countryside and agricultural issues as well as government economic policies. For example, he frequently criticized stopgap measures and short-term arrangements in the government’s agrarian policy. He called for an increased role of the state and government intervention in the agriculture sector and the economy as a whole, and advocated more decisive and far-reaching steps in various areas. He argued that an agrarian reform and related changes in the agrarian structure of the country were critical to reducing the Polish economy’s vulnerability to fluctuations in economic trends. Poniatowski pointed out that a land reform could alleviate the country’s economic problems by expanding the internal market. He highlighted the dramatic debt problem of Polish agriculture. He also wrote about cartels, a topic that was directly related to his work as a Cartel Court judge. However, his best known works were dedicated to the issue of agrarian overpopulation. A few years before World War II, he was appointed director of a government economic bureau, a position of key importance to the Polish economic policy of the time and one that enabled Poniatowski to take part in government economic policy making. World War II interrupted his career. After the war Poniatowski did not return to the country from exile, and continued his scientific and political pursuits while living abroad.

Józef Krzyczkowski i Zespół Społeczno-Narodowy

84%

Jarosz-Nojszewska A.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

2011

vol. 252

issue 11-12

141-159

The article reflects on the life and work of economist and politician Józef Krzyczkowski (1901-1989), with a special focus on his ties with organizations such as the National Economy Club and the Social National Club. The author examines Krzyczkowski’s professional career using data collected at the Warsaw School of Economics Archives and the Central Archives of Modern Records in Warsaw. Krzyczkowski’s social and economic activities in the period between the two world wars and after WW II were of special interest to Jarosz-Nojszewska. She also delves into the wartime experiences of Krzyczkowski, who commanded Polish Home Army troops in Kampinos Forest in his capacity as Lt. Col. “Szymon.” The main part of the article is dedicated to Krzyczkowski’s involvement in economic discussion clubs in the 1930s. This is the least researched period of his life, Jarosz-Nojszewska says. Krzyczkowski co-founded an organization called the National Economy Club. After the death of Poland’s erstwhile leader Marshal Józef Piłsudski, Krzyczkowski founded another organization called the Social National Club, which published its own weekly periodical entitled Zespół. The Social National Club called for far-reaching political and economic changes in Poland, as reflected by its key publication Podstawy doktryny społeczno-narodowej (The Fundamentals of the Social National Doctrine). The publication provoked criticism of the National Economy Club community, whose members were accused of disseminating communism, especially by those with conservative views. The dispute reached the courtroom, but it remained unresolved due to the outbreak of WW II.

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2 Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

2 Jarosz-Nojszewska A.

2 2011

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Józef Maria Poniatowski i „Gospodarka Narodowa”

Józef Krzyczkowski i Zespół Społeczno-Narodowy