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EN
Aim: The article discusses the fate of secular teachers using the example of the departmental school in Lublin after the Third Partition of Poland. This school (1780–1794) emerged from the provincial school (1774–1780). Methods: Appropriate for the history of a pedagogical thought and the history of education. Results: The staff included 4 rectors, 4 prefects, 24 teachers, and 8 language instructors of French and German. After the Third Partition, only 15 teachers As citizens of Austria, Prussia, and Russia, they faced various forms of repression. They endeavored to remain faithful to pedagogical ideals from the Enlightenment era. Where possible, they implemented the educational program of the time, as dictated by the National Education Commission. They participated in independence movements, defending values such as autonomy of higher education institutions, the right to conduct unrestricted scientific research, and the preservation of national identity. They were aware that their professional work required decisions between blind obedience and negation, as well as between betraying national values and defending them. The values recognized by the generation of Poles born in the times of captivity depended – to a large extent – on them. Conclusions: The fate of the National Education Commission teachers after the Third Partition of Poland has not been widely discussed in historical and pedagogical research. Therefore, there is a need to undertake comprehensive research on the fate of not only lay teachers, but also members of the National Education Commission, the Society for Elementary Books, inspectors, and religious teachers.
EN
The aim of the article is to analyze the state of research on the Commission of National Education in the context of its anniversaries, especially anniversary celebrations and scientific achievements in 1873, 1973, 2013 and 2023. The historical-comparative method was used, which is used in research on the course of phenomena and processes taking place in past and is based mainly on the analysis of historical sources. Ceremonies commemorating the founding of KEN provoke increased interest in its merits, because the achievements of this distinguished institution are still in the center of attention, not only of historians, education historians, educators, lawyers, but also of those who treat the Polish Enlightenment tradition as an inspiration for reforming the education system. And this is hardly surprising, because the National Education Commission inspired young people with the spirit of citizenship and patriotism, and thus contributed to the survival of Polish culture and language. Moreover, subsequent anniversary celebrations are also a great way to pay tribute to the members and people cooperating with KEN. Generally, these are activities that serve to consolidate historical memory, because good memory of the past is also a clear awareness of the connection with the present.
PL
Po likwidacji Komisji Edukacji Narodowej i utracie niepodległości, już na początku XIX wieku w warunkach niewoli rosyjskiej myśli i koncepcje KEN z powodzeniem wykorzystywali Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, Hieronim Stroynowski, Hugo Kołłątaj, Tadeusz Czacki i wielu innych. Z jednej strony brali oni udział w reformowaniu szkolnictwa rosyjskiego, w dużej mierze opierając się na założeniach i ideach KEN, z drugiej starali się w jego strukturze zachować, a nawet rozwinąć szkoły polskie. Dzięki temu idee KEN ukształtowane w obliczu upadku Państwa Polskiego mogły uświadomić Rosjanom, że podstawy nowoczesnego systemu oświaty dali im przedstawiciele narodu przez nich podbitego. Specyfiką tego systemu był podział kraju na okręgi szkolne, które zostały utworzone przy uniwersytetach. Jednym z owych okręgów był Wileński Okręg Szkolny (Naukowy), w którym obowiązywał polski język nauczania. Tym samym, najważniejszym ośrodkiem naukowym ziem litewsko-ruskich stał się Cesarski Uniwersytet Wileński, a pod zwierzchnictwo uczelni wileńskiej przeszły wszystkie placówki oświatowe w zaborze rosyjskim, w tym częściowo również te, które wcześniej podlegały Szkole Głównej Koronnej w Krakowie. Pod opieką odnowionego uniwersytetu znalazły się więc zarówno dawne szkoły KEN, które przetrwały zawieruchę rozbiorów, jak i nowe, powstałe w okresie funkcjonowania Wileńskiego Okręgu Naukowego. Taki stan rzeczy trwał niemal trzydzieści lat, praktycznie do wybuchu powstania listopadowego. Wówczas zamknięto większość szkół polskich, a Wileński Okręg Narodowy został zlikwidowany. Upadek powstania stanowił więc zarówno symboliczny, jak i faktyczny kres funkcjonowania idei KEN na terenie Imperium Rosyjskiego. Struktura szkolnictwa oparta na dawnej koncepcji KEN jednak pozostała.
XX
When the National Education Commision ceased functioning and Poland had lost its independence as early as in the beginning of the 19h century under Russian rule, ideas and concepts that had been propagated by the Commision were successfully implemented by Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, Hie­ronim Stroynowski, Hugo Kołłątaj, Tadeusz Czacki and many others. On the one hand, they contributed to the reforms of the Russian educational system, where such reforms were largely based on the premises and ideas of the Commission; on the other hand, said thinkers attempted to preserve, and even develop Polish schools within this system. Consequently, the ideas of the National Education Commision developed on the eve of the fall of Poland made the Russians realize that the representatives of the conquered nation had provided Russia with the basis of a modern educational system. The uniqueness of this system was the division of the country into school districts that were created at universities. One of them was the Vilnius School District where Polish was the language of schooling. Thus, the Imperial University of Vilnius became the most important academic centre in the Lithuanian-Russian state. The University of Vilnius assumed authority over all educational institutions in the Russian Partition, including some of those that had been earlier subordinated to the Main Crown School in Kraków. The renamed University of Vilnius thus supervised both schools previously established by the National Education Commission that had survived the turmoils of partitions and new ones created when the Vilnius School District began to function. Such an organizational structure lasted for nearly thirty years until the outbreak of the November Uprising. Then, most Polish schools were closed down and the Vilnius School District was dissolved. The fall of the Uprising marked both a symbolic and actual end to the ideas of the National Education Commission for the Russian Empire. However, the school organizational structure based on the old conception of the Commission remained intact.
EN
The structure of the administrative apparatus was determined by the National Education Commission in its Statute approved on February 22, 1774. The number of the administrative staff was planned modestly to include only eight officials: two secretaries, two minutes secretaries, one archive worker, a cashier  and two clerks. The Commission started appointing the officials in May 1774. Twelve persons were hired at that time. Over the next few months, the Commission went on to employ other officials, albeit at a much slower rate. Eventually, the Commission created an administrative apparatus that was much more complicated than the one envisaged in the Statute. Apart from the secretaries (one of whom soon resigned from his post in the Commission), its apparatus consisted of three units: the office, cashiers’ offices (located in Warsaw and in Vilnius), and the archive. Legal representative, who were not originally envisaged in the Statute,  were also engaged to provide legal services to the Commission. Such changes in the administrative structure may have been caused by the Commission’s involvement in handling the post-Jesuit property. Under the 1774 and 1776 laws,  the property was transformed into an educational fund administered by the National Education Commission. Managing the fund required the extension of the office, the cashier’s office and the archive.
PL
O kształcie aparatu administracyjnego zadecydowała Komisja Edukacji Narodowej w swej Ordynacji zatwierdzonej 21 lutego 1774 r. Zaplanowano go oszczędnie, ponieważ miał się składać tylko z ośmiu urzędników: dwóch sekretarzy, dwóch protokolistów, archiwisty, kasjera i dwóch kancelistów. Powołaniem kadry urzędniczej Komisja zajmowała się głównie w maju 1774 r. Zatrudniono wówczas aż 12 osób. W następnych miesiącach tego roku Komisja zatrudniała, choć już wolniej, dalszych urzędników. W praktyce Komisja stworzyła aparat administracyjny bardziej rozbudowany od planowanego w Ordynacji. Oprócz sekretarzy, z których jeden wkrótce zrezygnował z pracy dla Komisji, składały się nań trzy biura: kancelaria, kasa (warszawska i wileńska) i archiwum. Zatrudniono również pełnomocników przeznaczonych do obsługi prawnej Komisji, nieprzewidzianych w Ordynacji. Zmiany w kształcie aparatu były spowodowane, jak można przypuszczać, zaangażowaniem się Komisji w sprawę majątku pojezuickiego, który ustawa z 1774 r., a zwłaszcza ustawa uchwalona w 1776 r., przekształciła w fundusz edukacyjny pozostający pod zarządem KEN. Administracja funduszem wymagała rozbudowy kancelarii, kasy i archiwum.
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