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Studia Prawa Publicznego
|
2021
|
vol. 2
|
issue 34
125-144
PL
The labour inspector’s statement constitutes a non-statutory form of enforcing labour rights. In this context, we can see a variety of problems related both to the impact of the legal measure itself, appealing against it, as well as to the role it plays in ensuring compliance with employment rights. The jurisprudence and literature to date indicates explicitly that the employer’s failure to comply with the content of the labour inspector’s speech does not give rise to any negative legal consequences. Nevertheless, employers who do not agree with the solutions recommended by the authority through the labour inspector’s speech perceive this specific measure as a special type of decision. The decision itself, in turn, seems to be a natural manifestation of the state, the authority indicating to the subject of law the individual directions of its behaviour. However, this is, in fact, a different act. The article doubts the implementation of the model of labour supervision and control assumed by the legislator in the light of the measure outlined in the labour inspector’s speech. As a result, allowing this measure to be left to the inspector’s discretionary use may lead to the reinforcement of the feeling of a lack of efficiency on the part of the state bodies in the field of protection of workers’ rights, especially that the cases of its use are an open catalogue, which includes issues such as working time or the employment of young people. In order to better understand these trends, two examples are discussed where the National Labour Inspectorate had an impact on situations of a gross violation of labour law standards. A de lege ferenda direction has also been indicated, which means the creation of the institution of “re-inspection” of the employer. The existence of a non-authoritative “recommendation”, which is a statement by the labour inspector, is in fact a manifestation of the implementation of Article 17, paragraph 2 of the ILO Convention No. 81, which would not be incompatible with the consequence in the form of addressing a statement.
EN
The case in question does not concern the proper implementation of EU law but, above all, ensuring institutional protection against discrimination to those who perform work under a non‑employment contract. She argues that under the current state of the law National Labour Inspectorate does not have jurisdiction to examine the grounds for the claim of unequal treatment.
EN
A Deputy may not obtain information from the National Labour Inspectorate under Article 19 of the Act on the Exercise of the Mandate of a Deputy or Senator. However, he or she may exercise the right to obtain information or explanations from representatives of the relevant state and local government bodies and institutions pursuant to Article 16 of the above Act. It is also possible to use the right of access to public information to obtain information about the activities of the National Labour Inspectorate.
EN
The subject of the article is to present the entitlements of the National Labour Inspectorate (NLI) in determining the existence of employment relationships. The analysis shows that the legal instruments available to NLI inspectors in this regard include referring the employer to an application, conducting misconduct proceedings or bringing an action to the labour court for establishing the existence of an employment relationship. In practice, these measures are ineffective. Under the current legal status, labour inspectors are not entitled to issue administrative decisions establishing the existence of an employment relationship. However there are certain arguments of a dogmatic and legal nature for granting them such an entitlement, which, would also require the creation of an appropriate appeal procedure, which should be similar to the appeal procedure against the decisions of the Social Insurance Institution.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest przedstawienie uprawnień Państwowej Inspekcji Pracy w zakresie ustalania istnienia stosunków pracy. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, że prawne instrumenty przysługujące inspektorom PIP w tym zakresie to skierowanie do pracodawcy wystąpienia, prowadzenie postępowania wykroczeniowego lub wytoczenie na rzecz określonej osoby powództwa do sądu pracy o ustalenie istnienia stosunku pracy. Środki te w praktyce są mało efektywne. W obecnym stanie prawnym inspektorzy PIP nie są uprawnieni do wydawania decyzji administracyjnych ustalających istnienie stosunku pracy, choć istnieją pewne argumenty natury dogmatycznoprawnej przemawiające za przyznaniem im takiego uprawnienia, co wymagałoby jednak stworzenia odpowiedniego trybu odwoławczego, który byłby podobny do procedury odwoławczej od decyzji ZUS.
EN
The fundamental issue raised in this elaboration comes down to an attempt at defining the character and content of labour protection and the place of the National Labour Inspectorate in the system of state authorities in Poland. The analysis relates to the applicable constitutional regulation (Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997) and statutory regulations. The purpose of the considerations is to determine the nature of the activity of the National Labour Inspectorate as well as its location within the constitutional systematizations.
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