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EN
The person of the Blessed Virgin Mary among Christians has been throughout Christian tradition a source of inspiration as far as the Christian faith is concerned. Many papal Encyclicals, Apostolic exhortations, conciliar and post conciliar documents have all made reference to our blessed mother due to her close proximity to her son our Lord Jesus Christ. She is thus not a foreigner to the people of faith. The modern man today looks forward for a person who is both faithful and trustworthy to accompany him or her in the earthly life and offer an assurance of everlasting joy. Examining the role of Mary in the writings of St Luke in the New Testament we see Mary as the one who fits in this desire of the modern man. Her role as a mother in the Luke’s view is very central in understanding the notion of companionship. However many people today do not understand Mary to be a faithful companion, perhaps this is due to the misunderstanding of Mary’s position in the Salvation History. Moreover the Sacred Scriptures from the infancy narratives to the neophyte church in Acts of the Apostles Mary makes a journey of faith with Jesus and his disciples. Thus in this article we examine briefly the companionship of the blessed Mary to the Word of God as we invoke her companionship to our Christians today on their pilgrimage to the Promised Land.
Verbum Vitae
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2022
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vol. 40
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issue 2
535-550
EN
The theological interpretation of liturgical texts and gestures presented by representatives of the German monastic school played an important role in the liturgy of the medieval era. Among its most important representatives was Rupert of Deutz OSB, who presented his views in Liber de divinis officiis. This article aims to show what the uniqueness of the Incarnation of the Son of God consists in according to Rupert of Deutz’s views, based on the example of the celebration of the Nativity. Particularly significant is his interpretation of Old Testament texts and images, and his reference of the Incarnation to the first day of creation. He presented his views not only based on liturgical customs but also according to the principles of medieval computistics.
PL
Jednym z piewców misterium Bożego Narodzenia był papież, św. Leon Wielki. Znamy dobrze działalność św. Leona dzięki jego przepięknym kazaniom – zachowało się ich niemal sto, zapisanych wspaniałą i jasną łaciną, oraz dzięki jego listom – ok. stu pięćdziesięciu. Wśród jego kazań znajdujemy te, które najbardziej nas interesują: na Narodzenie Pańskie (11 mów) i na Objawienie Pańskie (8 mów). Z tego materiału źródłowego staram się przybliżyć główne myśli naszego autora dotyczące misterium Bożego Narodzenia. Najpierw zatrzymuję się na duchowych owocach Tajemnicy Wcielenia, następnie ukazuje przyjście Pana jako objawienie się Miłosierdzia Bożego, a przy końcu wskazuję na postawę, jaką człowiek powinien zająć wobec tajemnicy Bożego Narodzenia. Tak streszcza swoją naukę: „Uciekając się bowiem znowu do miłosierdzia Bożego – co w tak niewysłowiony sposób ku nam zstąpiło, że Stwórca ludzi zechciał stać się człowiekiem – poznajemy siebie w Tym, któremu Boską część oddajemy” (Na Narodzenie Pańskie 8). 
EN
Pope Leo the Great left a rich patrimony of letters and sermons, which were created as a result of his constant pastoral care for the community of Rome and for all the churches. The preserved collection contains about a hundred of sermons and about one hundred and fifty letters, all written in Latin. Among his sermons the ones that interest us the most are: on the Feast of the Nativity (11 sermons) and on the Feast of the Epiphany (8 sermons). On the basis of these source texts an attempt to elaborate on the main thoughts concerning the mystery of the Nativity is made. First the spiritual fruits of the Mystery of Incarnation are discussed, then the Divine Mercy and lastly – the approach of the faithful to the mystery of the Lord’s Nativity. Pope Leo summarises his teachings in the following way: “If we have recourse to that unutterable condescension of the Divine Mercy, whereby the Creator of men deigned to become man, by it we shall be raised to the nature of Him whom we adore in ours” (Sermon VIII on the Nativity).
Vox Patrum
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2000
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vol. 38
401-411
EN
In the art the Theme of Incarnation was illustrated in a rich scene repertiore creating its prototypes at the early Romanesque and Romanesque period. It was also the time of dynamically forming motifs in the art that defined the Gothic art and to a high degree modern one. In the fine arts such a model of Incarnation was made by Nativity scene.
IT
Il tema dell’Incarnazione appare nell’iconografia cristiana all’inizio del IV secolo rappresentato soprattutto nei bassorilievi sui sarcofagi. Cristo, raffigurato precedentemente come Buon Pastore o taumaturgo senza i tratti fisionomici individuali, vi appare come un personaggio storico delle scene descritte dagli evangelisti essendo, nel contempo, una figura particolare, da distinguersi dagli altri partecipanti degli eventi grazie ai tratti del viso particolarmente belli e ai capelii lunghi, caratteristiche affini al tipo iconografico degli antichi dei e degli eroi.
EN
The aim of the article is to determine the way of renewing human dignity according to Christmas liturgy. The term „renewing” can be found in the euchology of „Mass during the day”. Thanks to the actualization of the celebrated Mystery, the participants of this liturgy have a chance to experience the grace of renewal. Therefore, the study contains indications for the homily, whose function is: to reveal the celebrated Mystery, to show its actualization at the time of celebration and to present the practical application of the grace. In the homily of „Mass during the day” a preacher should reveal the Mystery of the Incarnation. The born Son of God distinguishes a man with a vocation to a redemptive dialogue. The person who accepts the Incarnate Word experiences the dignity of Divine filiation. As a result, the grace of renewed dignity strengthens believers in their trust in God and His word, makes them able to experience everyday life in union with their Savior, promotes the renewal of brotherhood relationships, leads to the affirmation of the material side of reality: namely to care for the body and natural environment.
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2016
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vol. 63
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issue 8: Liturgika
121-140
EN
Celebration of the mystery of the incarnation of the Son of God is mentioned for the first time in Chronograph (A.D. 354)—a fundamental document explaining the origin of this feast. Over the centuries the Incarnation of the Son of God was given emphasis in various ways through ceremonious celebration of this mystery. Among many liturgical customs are Sunday processions during Advent, at Christmas, and festivities held in this time and Sundays until 2 February. Sunday processions were known in the old Polish tradition and this custom was sanctioned in the Piotrków Ritual in 1631, but it does not feature processions for Advent Sundays, Christmas period, and holidays falling within this period. Liturgical texts intended for these days are present in four editions of the Wrocław Ritual of 1723, 1775, 1794 and 1847. The processions started with the singing of appropriate antiphons, which had their counterpart in the texts of Officium divinum of that period or a liturgical day. The antiphon Missus est Angelus Gabriel... for Advent Sundays was an exception. It was intended for the monastic liturgy of the 11th/12th centuries, and it can be found in antiphonary Saint-Maur-les-Fossés. During a procession, statio in the middle of a church was an important point for worship. A verse or a prayer was said concluded with the singing of an antiphon. The prayer was typically found in a missal form for a particular feast day except for Advent, when the prayer was read from a form for Marian masses. Notably, the well-known antiphon Pax aeterna... was sung only on Advent Sundays, which was replaced by the antiphon Hodie Christus natus est... during Christmas. Antiphons concluding processions, however, were taken from an officium, as it was done during Advent or Epiphany. The antiphon O beata infantia... is an exception, which is sung on the very Nativity Day, Circumcision Day, and on Sundays falling after Epiphany until the Fest of the Purification of the Virgin (2 February). This antiphon was present in the monastic tradition, for example in medieval antiphonaries of Saint-Denis and Saint-Maur-les-Fossés. Exploration of liturgical texts and various forms that are have been known over centuries as well as their origin makes it possible to sketch a full picture of traditions used in the Latin Church in the territory of Poland.
PL
Świętowanie misterium Wcielenia Syna Bożego po raz pierwszy zostaje wspomniane w Chronografie z 354 roku, który jest fundamentalnym dokumentem dotyczącym genezy tego święta. W ciągu wieków w różny sposób podkreślano znaczenie Wcielenia Syna Bożego poprzez uroczystą celebrację tego misterium. Wśród wielu zwyczajów liturgicznych znajdują się procesje w niedziele czasu Adwentu, okresu Narodzenia Pańskiego, uroczystości przypadające w tym okresie oraz w same niedziele do 2 lutego. Zwyczaj procesji niedzielnych znany był w tradycji staropolskiej i został utrwalony w Rytuale Piotrkowskim z 1631 r., ale nie ma w nim procesji przeznaczonych na niedziele Adwentu i okresu Narodzenia Pańskiego oraz święta przypadające w tym czasie. Teksty liturgiczne przeznaczone na te dni występują natomiast w czterech wydaniach rytuału wrocławskiego z 1723, 1775, 1794 i 1847 r. Procesje rozpoczynano od śpiewu odpowiednich antyfon, które miały swój odpowiednik w tekstach Officium divinum danego czasu, czy dnia liturgicznego. Do wyjątku należała antyfona w niedziele Adwentu Missus est Angelus Gabriel…, która była przewidziana w liturgii monastycznej z XI/XII w., a przykładem jest antyfonarz Saint-Maur-les-Fossés. Podczas procesji ważnym miejscem modlitwy było statio pośrodku kościoła. Odmawiano wówczas werset, modlitwę, a na zakończenie śpiewano antyfonę. Modlitwa zazwyczaj była zaczerpnięta z formularza mszalnego danego dnia świątecznego za wyjątkiem adwentu, kiedy modlitwa pochodziła z formularza mszy maryjnych. Znamiennym, że znaną antyfonę Pax aeterna… śpiewano tylko w niedziele Adwentu, zastępując ją w okresie Narodzenia Pańskiego antyfoną Hodie Christus natus est…. Antyfony na zakończenie procesji zostały natomiast zaczerpnięte z oficjum, jak w przypadku okresu Adwentu, czy w Epifanię. Do wyjątków należy antyfona O beata infantia… śpiewana w sam dzień Narodzenia Pańskiego, w święto Obrzezania Pańskiego, oraz w niedziele przypadające po Epifanii do święta Oczyszczenia Maryi (2 lutego). Antyfona ta występowała w tradycji monastycznej, czego przykładem są średniowieczne antyfonarze z Saint-Denis oraz Saint-Maur-les-Fossés. Poznanie tekstów liturgicznych i różnych form znanych na przestrzeni wieków i ich proweniencji pozwala nakreślić pełen obraz tradycji znanych w Kościele łacińskim na ziemiach polskich.
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