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Natural Law and Political Ontology: a Historico-Philosophical Outline of a Major Human Transformation

100%
Berkmanas T.
Baltic Journal of Law & Politics
|
2014
|
vol. 7
|
issue 2
119-151
EN
The article explores the possibility of comprehending natural law, together with an alternative to the Schmittean political, through an inquiry into the layers of professional philosophy with a special focus on epistemology and analytic philosophy. The starting point of the research is the controversy surrounding the ideas of Carl Schmitt, in which it is unclear what lies at the origin of law and the political - sovereign decision or the situation (Part I)? The latter possibility directs the inquiry to the conceptual field related to natural law and epistemology. Proceeding via both diachronic and synchronic perspectives, the inquiry further analyses what has happened to natural law in modernity, and what its current status is, theorizing both streams of inquiry under the concept of political exile (Part II). The Schmittean political happens to be very much at home in this context, opening up the coherent ideological framework that may be called modern political ontology, which at first appears to camouflage Schmittean antagonistic political praxis (Part III). However, through inquiry into ideas mostly attributable to analytic philosophy (or philosophy of language), this ontology is also shown to function as an ‘anti-onto’-logy - that is, as a direct (i.e. open, not hidden) ideological basis for modern political praxis. The analysis here also discloses the rivalry inside professional philosophy in relation to ‘anti-onto’-logy, the latter finding its disciplinary origin(s) in language itself. It shows that at the level of professional philosophy there is a general trend that could be helpful in the attempt to revive natural law (Part IV).
2
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Od praw naturalnych do godności osoby ludzkiej. Rozważania filozoficzno-prawne w przedmiocie aksjologii Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

72%
Łuszczyńska M.
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
|
2024
|
issue 2(78)
131-147
PL
Artykuł stanowi refleksję nad problematyką prawa naturalnego. W literaturze przedmiotu dominuje pogląd, iż prawo naturalne jest rodzajem matrycy, która powinna być powielona przez ustawodawcę, co zapobiegać ma niesprawiedliwości prawa. W myśl łacińskiej paremii: Lex iniusta non est lex (Prawo niesprawiedliwe nie jest prawem) legislator musi uwzględniać bliżej niesprecyzowane normy wyższego rzędu. Celem artykułu jest spojrzenie z perspektywy filozoficznej na podstawy aksjologiczne polskiego porządku prawnego w kontekście przede wszystkim źródeł prawa. Zdaniem autora artykułu w czasach współczesnych racjonalizm prawa naturalnego staje się pozorny, zaś jego religijne fundamenty niekoniecznie będą akceptowalne w społeczeństwie kulturowo spluralizowanym. Użyta została metoda analizy prawa, metoda historyczno-prawna (w zakresie badania ewolucji idei prawnych leżących u podstaw poszczególnych uregulowań konstytucyjnych) oraz metody hermeneutycznej w odniesieniu do badania ustawy zasadniczej jako wytworu kultury, nie tyle w warstwie językowej, co społecznej, kulturowej i historycznej. Analiza obowiązujących przepisów prawnych wymusiła również skorzystanie z metody formalno-dogmatycznej.
EN
The article is a reflection on the issues of natural law. The dominant view in the literature on the subject is that natural law is a kind of matrix that should be duplicated by the legislator in order to prevent legal injustice. According to the Latin paremia: Lex iniusta non est lex (Unjust law is not law), the legislator must take into account unspecified higher- level norms. The aim of the article is to look from a philosophical perspective at the axiological foundations of the Polish legal order in the context, primarily, of the sources of law. According to the author of the article, in modern times the rationalism of natural law is becoming apparent, and its religious foundations will not necessarily be acceptable in a culturally pluralized society. The legal analysis method was used, the historical-legal method (in terms of examining the evolution of legal ideas underlying individual constitutional regulations) and the hermeneutic method in relation to the examination of the Constitution as a product of culture, not so much in the linguistic, but in the social, cultural and historical layer. The analysis of applicable legal provisions also forced the use of the formal and dogmatic method.
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