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Argumentative Bedeutung von historischen Analogien in der nationalsozialistischen Propaganda während des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Einige Bemerkungen über Methodologie und Forschungsergebnisse eines Projekts

100%
Kołtunowski P.
Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature
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2008
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issue 32
282-300
EN
Basing on historical analogy, the paper analyzes the problem of argumentative manipulation in the Nazi propaganda during World War II.. The present study of propaganda texts took into account two types of linguistic manipulation: “explanation” and “justification”, both playing a crucial role in forming the German postures during World War II. The analysis showed that the Nazi propaganda made use of false historical analogies, i.e. it juxtaposed and compared incommensurable facts, patterns of behaviour, feats leading to victory, etc. The aim of the manipulative technique of false historical analogy, based on explanation and justification, was to boost the Germans’ “combative” morale. This was expected to be achieved by way of shaping the required postures: a complete submission to the Nazi leadership, the endurance vis-à-vis losses inflicted, combating apathy and defeatism, creating a psychological “distance” with respect to the crisis and losses. The justification of the war effort was done through spreading fear, creating the “endurance” posture, appealing to the “Prussian virtues”, etc. The forging of these postures was meant to keep the German nation in the spirit of constant “combative readiness”.
2
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Propaganda i rzeczywistość nazistowska widziana oczami dziecka w powieści Johna Boyne’a Chłopiec w pasiastej piżamie

61%
Moskała P.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2017
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vol. 41
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issue 3
107-114
EN
The aim of the article is to present the Nazi reality and its propaganda as seen through the eyes of Bruno – the hero of the novel John Boyne’s The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas. The narrative shown from the perspective of a child reveals, in a unique way, the mechanics of demagogy and manipulation used by the Nazi propaganda. The symbolic fence between Bruno, the son of the concentration camp commandant, and a Jewish boy of the same age named Schmul, becomes the main theme of the novel. The story of the novel reveals the entanglement of the children in the workings of the history. Such a story construction is a starting point for the author of the article for the analysis of the complexity of propaganda measures and their influence on a young person, mainly in the affective, intellectual and social dimensions. The analysis involves not only the linguistic layer of the novel, but also the topography of the place and the characteristic use of Nazi symbols.
3
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Die ausgewählten manipulativen Strategien in den öffentlichen Propagandareden der NS-Zeit. Dargestellt am Beispiel der Sportpalastrede

61%
Wypiorczyk A.
Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław
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2023
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issue 23
199-211
EN
The article is devoted to use of the linguistic manipulation techniques in the public speeches from the Nazi Germany. The main aim of this article is to study what kind of language-manipulative-techniques were used by the propagandists to create propaganda speeches to influence the audience and convey ideological content. Because the spectrum of linguistic strategies and tactics of manipulation is very broad, the exemplary analysis is limited to the selected rhetorical and pragmatic tactics and sentence structures that allow for hidden hints. All these selected examples and suggestive tactics occur particularly often in texts of this type and can therefore be considered prime examples of manipulative strategies. In addition, the terminology is specified in this article. Terms such as persuasion, linguistic manipulation, manipulation of language and propaganda are often confused with one another in linguistic discourse or used synonymously. Accordingly, a clear and concise definition of these terms is made in the article. The selected manipulative strategies are illustrated by an example of the speech in the Berlin Sportpalast (Total war speech) from February 18th, 1943. So, the contribution also deals with the context and the historical background of the speech, as well as the other mass suggestive tactics that can be found in the text. The examined strategies are still used in texts with a persuasive and manipulative character.
4
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Creation Out of Nothing. The Fascist Propaganda in Litzmannstadt

51%
Ostrowski M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2019
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vol. 54
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issue 3
105-121
PL
Artykuł omawia działalność propagandy nazistowskiej w Litzmannstadt. Propaguje ona centralne pojęcia ideologii faszystowskiej, takie jak Volk, ziemia i przywództwo w walce. Celem działania politycznego i militarnego jest przywrócenie i utrzymanie zdolności dominacji kulturowej nad innymi narodami. Państwo nazistowskie jest jednolite etnicznie, językowo i rasowo – nie zna pojęcia tolerancji wobec mniejszości etnicznych. Istotną cechą tej propagandy jest jej wpływ na działania organów administracyjnych.
EN
The article discusses the activities of Nazi propaganda in Litzmannstadt. It promotes the central notions of the Nazi ideology, such as Volk, land, and leadership in struggle. The purpose of political and military operations was to restore and maintain the ability to culturally dominate other nations. The Nazi state was ethnically, lin guistically and racially homogeneous – it knew not the notion of tolerance towards ethnic minorities. A major characteristic of the propaganda was it its influence on the activities of administrative bodies.
5
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"Tmavé jeho oči doslova fascinují": cesta českých kulturních pracovníků a novinářů do Německa a Holandska v září 1940

41%
Křesťan J.
Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)
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2020
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vol. 27
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issue 3-4
538-575
EN
Having described the above facts, the author analyzes defence strategies which the abovementioned authors were using while writing made-to-order articles or showing their supposed loyalty in order to avoid being dragged into the Nazi propaganda machine. They were bypassing some topics, resorting to allegories and ambiguities, and making use of concealed irony. In the end of the study, the author follows the fates of those who took part in the trip to Germany and the Netherlands, pondering, in a more general manner, fuzzy boundaries and dilemmas of guilt and collaboration in a totalitarian regime. Attached to the article are short biographies of all thirty-five participants in the trip.
CS
V závěru studie sleduje autor další osudy účastníků zájezdu do Německa a Holandska a zamýšlí se na daném případu obecněji nad nejednoznačnými hranicemi a dilematy viny a kolaborace v totalitním režimu. Přílohu k článku tvoří stručné biogramy všech pětatřiceti účastníků výpravy.
6
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Polityka niemieckich władz okupacyjnych wobec ludności żydowskiej Generalnego Gubernatorstwa w publicystyce „Gońca Krakowskiego”

31%
Piątkowski S.
Studia Żydowskie. Almanach
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2013
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vol. 3
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issue 3
59-76
EN
„Goniec Krakowski”, a newspaper issued in the General Government by the German occupational authorities for the Polish population (1939-1945), had a strongly anti-Jewish character. The language of many articles was primitive and brutal, as well as full of lies, distortions and insults. This anti-Jewish propaganda was based on an old conspiracy theo-ry, knowing from infamous Protocols of the Elders of Zion: Jews seeking to control the world economy, politics and culture. The subsequent stages of the German policy toward the Jews was justified by need of ‘liberation’ of Poles from the Jewish domination. One could find articles related to forced labor, restrictions on economic activities, measures of repression toward Jews; much attention was also paid to anti-Jewish agitation among the Poles. On the other hand, the mass extermination of Jews has been completely omitted by the newspaper.
PL
„Goniec Krakowski”, gazeta wydawana w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie przez niemieckie władze okupacyjne dla ludności polskiej (1939-1945), miała charakter zdecydowanie antyżydowski. Język wielu artykułów był prymitywny i brutalny, a także pełen kłamstw, przeinaczeń i obelg. Ta antyżydowska propaganda opierała się na starej teologii spiskowej, znanej z niesławnych Protokołów Starszych Syjonu: Żydzi dążą do opanowania światowej gospodarki, polityki i kultury. Kolejne etapy niemieckiej polityki wobec Żydów uzasadniano potrzebą „wyzwolenia” Polaków spod żydowskiej dominacji. Można było znaleźć artykuły dotyczące pracy przymusowej, ograniczenia działalności gospodarczej, represji wobec Żydów; wiele uwagi poświęcano też antyżydowskiej agitacji wśród Polaków. Z drugiej strony, masowa eksterminacja Żydów została całkowicie pominięta w gazecie.
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