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Wspólna waluta euro a poziom inflacji w państwach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

100%
Heller J., Warżała R., Kotliński K.
Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs
|
2018
|
vol. 3
185-202
EN
The aim of the article is to assess the impact of the euro adoption on the inflation level in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, i.e. Slovenia, Slovakia, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The hypothesis was adopted that the average price level increase - within the framework of the inflation targeting – is a fixed element of the monetary policy of all central banks, including the European Central Bank. If, after the introduction of a single currency, the rate of inflation is close to the inflation target, then the common monetary policy brings positive effects, and the excessive price increase is only an illusion. As a result of the review of the literature, as well as the analysis of statistical data, it was found that in some of the surveyed countries (Estonia and Slovenia), in the first years after the adoption of the single currency, the price rose above the ECB inflation target, however, this result cannot be attributed solely to the introduction of the single currency (euro). The occurring level of inflation, which is contained in the inflation target of the central bank is acceptable, because its impact on the conomy is positive. The discrepancy between perceived infl ation and its actual level in the new euro area member states may also result from the experience of countries in which – as a result of the price rounding effects – there was an increase in the prices of some consumer goods.
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Zmiany w eksporcie rolno-spożywczym nowych państw członkowskich UE: analiza metodą stałych udziałów w rynku

63%
Ambroziak Ł.
Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2016
|
vol. 266
71-83
PL
Celem artykułu jest dekompozycja zmian eksportu produktów rolno-spożywczych siedmiu nowych państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej (tj. Bułgarii, Czech, Litwy, Polski, Rumunii, Słowacji i Węgier) w latach 2004-2014. Wykorzystano do tego metodę stałych udziałów w rynku (constant market share – CMS). Zgodnie z tą metodą na zmiany eksportu wpływają cztery czynniki: efekt wzrostu popytu światowego, efekt struktury towarowej, efekt struktury geograficznej oraz efekt konkurencyjności. Przeprowadzone badanie wykazało, iż do wzrostu eksportu rolno-spożywczego nowych państw członkowskich UE w analizowanym okresie przyczynił się przede wszystkim efekt wzrostu światowego popytu na żywność, a także w istotny sposób efekt konkurencyjności (z wyjątkiem Węgier).
EN
The aim of the paper is to identify driving forces of the exports growth of agri-food products in the New EU Member States, namely Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovakia in years 2004-2014. To assess the factors of the exports development the constant market share (CMS) model was employed. According to the CMS approach, the exports growth depends on: the world demand effect, the commodity composition effect, the market distribution effect and the competitiveness effect. The obtained results show that the agri-food exports development of the New EU Member States in the period in question was mainly influenced by a favourable world demand effect. Except for Hungary, also the competitiveness effect contributed to the agri-food export growth.
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