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ŚREDNIOWIECZNE DOMY NA GARNKACH W ŚWIETLE BADAŃ ARCHEOLOGICZNYCH W NIDZICY

100%

Mackiewicz H. D.

Ochrona Zabytków

2005

issue 4

77-84

The expectations associated with the archaeological supervision initiated in September 1999 in the eastern row of houses in the Old Town of Nidzica concerned relics connected with old settlements and town development. Already the exploration of the first metres unearthed strata dating from the Hallstatt D/La Tene A period, associated with the settlement of the western Balt barrow culture and the Przeworsk culture. The significance of this discovery made it possible to change the very nature of the excavation from supervision to archaeological research. The five basic stratigraphic layers distinguished in the course of the investigations include: I level – contemporary and nineteenth-century surfaces, II level – late mediaeval and modern layers, III level – late mediaeval traces of half-timber buildings in the southern row of houses in the market square, IV level – mediaeval strata containing relics of pottery, V level – ancient. The most interesting element registered in the course of the excavations was the longitudinal insulation of the mediaeval buildings made of pots fashioned on a potter’s wheel. A stone pavement on a sand bed, certainly comprising the cellar floor, was found at a depth not exceeding 2 metres. A layer of vessels was discovered after the removal of the pavement. Compactly arranged and turned upside down, the empty pots, covered with clay, provided excellent insulation against dampness and, at the same time, created a stable sleeper for the whole building, as evidenced by the remnants of partition walls built directly on the “pot” insulation. The excavations registered more than 200 whole “insulation” vessels and almost the same number of their fragments. The dendrochronological examination of the wooden construction on the pavement above the insulation was performed by M. Krąpiec, who established the time span of the construction as 1372-1407. In view of the fact that the town’s locatio took place in 1381, we may narrow down the origin of the construction to the post-1381 and pre-1408 period. The described insulation remains unique on a Polish and European scale. The exposition of the findings posed a different problem. Thanks to an agreement between the Voivodeship Conservator of Historical Monuments for Varmia and Mazuria and the museum at Nidzica Castle as well as the assistance of the staff of the Voivodeship Office for the Protection of Historical Monuments in Olsztyn it was possible to recreate a small fragment of this example of mediaeval technology.

„Ta Swenta Woyna” Jana Bunyana w tłumaczeniu Jacuba Sczepana jako pomnik gwary mazurskiej

84%

Kozłowski J. B.

Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie

2020

issue 3(309)

328-348

The diversity of Masurian dialects, the lack among the Masurian society of well-educated people who use these dialects on a daily basis made it impossible to develop a uniform dialect pattern. This, in turn, caused that there are no examples of Masurian dialect literature. In 1975, Prof. Wojciech Chojnacki described John Bunyan’s “The Holy War”, which was published in 1900 in Herne, Westphalia, translated into the Masurian dialect and given the dialect title “Ta Swenta Woyna”. The book was translated and published by a miner, Jacob Sczepan. A renewed interest in the translation of Bunyan’s work appeared after the publication of its digitized version by the University Library of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn in 2017. The analysis of the dialect used by Sczepan allowed to classify it to the West Masurian dialect in its Nidzica form. Research queries of address and parish registers revealed only one person who could have been the author of the translation, i.e. Jacob Sczepan, born on 21.7.1867 in Witówko (Nidzica Poviat). The same Jacob Sczepan, a mining foreman, was recorded in the address register of the city of Herne in 1900. The Westphalian miner from Masuria was probably a member of the Fellowship Movement, while Bunyan’s work was one of the most significant and popular pietistic works. Sczepan addressed his translation to pious Masurian exiles like him. For this reason, his dialect is faithful to the language spoken at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries by the inhabitants of the Nidzica, Działdowo and Szczytno areas. This authenticity of Sczepan’s dialect makes his work unique. There is no other such extensive and authentic record of the already extinct dialect in the Masurian culture. The translation of Bunyan’s book was intended to enlighten and comfort his countrymen torn from steeped-in-traditional-piety Masuria, who were thrown into the industrialised world of the Ruhr region. However, for us, it is a valuable monument of the culture that no longer exists today.

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1 Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie

1 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Kozłowski J. B.

1 Mackiewicz H. D.

1 2020

1 2005

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ŚREDNIOWIECZNE DOMY NA GARNKACH W ŚWIETLE BADAŃ ARCHEOLOGICZNYCH W NIDZICY

„Ta Swenta Woyna” Jana Bunyana w tłumaczeniu Jacuba Sczepana jako pomnik gwary mazurskiej