Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Refine search results

Journals help
Authors help
Years help

Results found: 75

first rewind previous Page / 4 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  Nietzsche
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 4 next fast forward last
EN
The article provides an attempt at reconstruction of Nietzsche’s views concerning the character of Overman’s power in the future society. The most basic issue is to define who Overman is. According to Nietzsche, contemporary human being exhibits a tendency towards nihilism, mainly due to decadent values which he embraces. In order to renounce nihilism, it is imperative to revaluate all the values which, until now, had determined our humanity. In other words it is necessary to overcome our humanity. Only the strongest individuals who are capable of multiplying their will to power which is the essence of reality are able to achieve this purpose. It is them who, after this moment of purification when they start constructing new values, can become Overmen i.e. true and authentic creators. Since only a minority of human beings can overcome their humanity, it is them who will wield power in a hierarchical society of the future. The article presents the analysis of this authority, meaning the question of its possessor, source, legitimacy, sovereignty and scope. In other words it deals with the issue of role and function of Overman’s power in society. These elements are indispensable in order to fi nd an answer to the question whether political power as projected by Nietzsche is of authoritarian or maybe totalitarian character. This question is quite often asked because of the philosopher’s criticism towards democratic rule and also because of Nazi recognition – though unsubstantiated – of Nietzsche as a precursor of their ideological outlook. It appears that the in-depth comparison of the character of Overman’s power with the features of authoritarianism or totalitarianism justifies the conclusion that Nietzsche’s vision is not at all similar to axiology embodied in those systems. The only resemblance in this respect can be found in the emphasis placed on the absolute character of Overman’s authority over society. Nevertheless this authority – according to Nietzsche – is a creation of values the purpose of which is development and enhancement of will to power and not repression of individuals.
EN
According to Savory’s conception, one of the paradoxes regarding the translation of literature lies in translating literature works in such a way that the texts reflect the author’s contemporary language and, on the other hand, that the language of the translation could be perceived as a contemporary one to the translator and, accordingly, to the readers. On the one hand, the texts are witnesses of their epoch, on the other hand, the language considered to be too outdated can become a formidable obstacle to gain contemporary readership. If it comes to translation of non-contemporary texts, the translators attempt to make compromises consisting of a partial introduction of obsolete expressions. The language of the translation becomes outdated as the original itself, therefore, new translations of literature works occur, albeit the classical translations are almost regarded as indigenous literature. In the opinion of the author of the present article, the coexistence of many translations of the same work allows the readers to gain a unique insight into various aspects of the original, namely because of their contemporary relationship.
EN
Nietzsche’s work came from a fascination with Greek culture, and despite its many philosophicaltransformations, this culture remained very important to him. Heraclitus was oneof the philosophers, who was invariably admired by Nietzsche in terms of both style and content. The most important thesis of Nietzsche’s work focused around a few sentences of Heraclitean philosophy. Greek culture fascinated the German philosopher, not only by the ability of the continuous myths’ creation but first of all many versions of them, which allowed it to avoid the trap of the only truth. According to Nietzsche, the Greek ideal of human civilisation manifested itself in its creativity and inexhaustible power of creation. Therefore, the censorious impulses of Socrates and Plato in relation to the poets as thecreators of the myths were recognised by him, not as the features of the Classical Period of Greek philosophy, but as the beginning of the end of their civilisation. Plato’s philosophy which recignised the only one (his own) truth is regarded by Nietzsche as a mummification of Greek culture, and assessed it as pure nihilism. Nietzsche’s evaluation of truth and lies on the basis of Greek culture, in comparison with the ancient texts, allows one more to verify from a different perspective the veracity of his philosophy.
EN
The article deals with the issue of systemic education. The author asks a classic question of whether traditional education systems should concentrate on students with average abilities or maybe they should foster the most talented ones. Considerations on this subject are conducted with regard to the multi-layered thought of Nietzsche, whose position is so invaluable that in a possible polemic it is situated as an exceptionally radical. Writing down the natural history of mankind, Nietzsche formulates a thesis that the moment of the creation of the first human communities, the moment of the socialisation of man, was extremely unfavourable as far as man’s strength, ability and creativity are concerned. He presents socialisation, which is part of the education process, as beneficial for the community and detrimental to the individual. This situation in the course of history remains the same, which – after the adoption of Nietzschean assumptions – gives cause to adopt a radical position of those who deem the education system unfit to foster outstanding individuals. Nietzsche’s view, in comparison with other views, is so innovative that it considers the inability as genealogically founded. Although the educational system from the point of view of the majority contributes to the emergence of new content, ideas or values, it remains inefficient for individuals of genius.
EN
The paper presents a brief history of ressentiment (resentment) research in order to shed some light on the importance of these considerations for Security Studies (particularly for the analyses of the broad spectrum of issues related to ideologically motivated violence). Even a cursory overview of the usage of the created by Friedrich Nietzsche concept of ressentiment in social sciences and humanities enables to draw significant conclusions on the importance of interdisciplinarity in the development of reflection on security. Presentation of those conclusions is the main goal of this article.
PL
Nietzsche w swojej twórczości wyszedł od fascynacji kulturą grecką i pomimo wielu filozoficznych transformacji nigdy się tej fascynacji nie wyrzekł. Jednym z filozofów, których Nietzsche niezmiennie cenił zarówno pod względem stylu, jak i treści, był Heraklit. Wokół kilku zdań Heraklitejskiej filozofii skupiają się tezy najważniejszych dzieł Nietzschego. Kultura grecka fascynowała niemieckiego filozofa nie tylko zdolnością ciągłego tworzenia mitów, ale przede wszystkim zdolnością uznawania ich wielu wersji, co pozwalało jej uniknąć pułapki jedynej prawdy. Grecki ideał ludzkiej cywilizacji objawiał się, zdaniem Nietzschego, w jej kreatywności i niewyczerpanej sile tworzenia. Dlatego cenzorskie zapędy Sokratesa i Platona w stosunku do poetów, jako twórców mitów, uznaje on nie za znamiona klasycznego okresu filozofii greckiej, ale za początek jej końca. Filozofia Platona, głosząca tylko jeden prawdziwy sposób egzystowania, zostaje uznana przez Nietzschego za mumifikację greckiej kultury, a jego jedyna prawda oceniona jako rzeczywisty nihilizm. Nietzschego ocena prawdy i kłamstwa na gruncie greckim, w zestawieniu z tekstami źródłowymi epoki, pozwala jeszcze raz, z innej perspektywy przyjrzeć się wiarygodności jego filozofii.
PL
Recenzja ksiązki: Maria Kostyszak, Spór z językiem. Krytyka ontoteologii w pismach Nietzschego, Heideggera i Derridy, Wrocław: Arboretum, 2010
PL
Recenzja ksiązki: Maria Kostyszak, Spór z językiem. Krytyka ontoteologii w pismach Nietzschego, Heideggera i Derridy, Wrocław: Arboretum, 2010
PL
Recepcja myśli Fryderyka Nietzschego narażona jest na swobodną, niekiedy także sprzeczną pomiędzy różnymi komentatorami interpretację. Wynika to z otwartości używanych przez niemieckiego filozofa pojęć, aforystycznej, niesystematycznej formy wypowiedzi. Pojęcie słabości, którego rewersem jest siła, moc, wola mocy, wymaga uważnej lektury, także dlatego, że najbardziej powierzchowna i sugestywna jest po dziś dzień interpretacja nazistowska. Pochwała siły, mocy, żywotności, wielkich duchów niewiele ma jednak wspólnego z resentymentalną, reaktywną agresją małych, zakompleksionych przywódców III Rzeszy. Nietzsche w swych pismach dowodzi, że kult słabości, uniżania się jest wytworem chrześcijańskiej kultury. W tym sensie jego filozofia jest filozofią kultury. Odkrycie zapomnianego w tej cywilizacji pojęcia mocy było jego istotnym celem badawczym. Przyswojenie myśli Nietzschego o tyle nie dokonało się w naszej kulturze, o ile regułami społecznych zachowań rządzą ciągle żywotne mechanizmy resentymentu.
EN
The reception of the thought of Friedrich Nietzsche is threatened with an unhampered interpretation, sometimes also contradictory in the case of assorted commentators. This tendency is the outcome of the openness of the conceits applied by the German philosopher as well as the aphoristic and non-systemic form of his statements. The concept of weakness, whose reverse is strength, will, and will to power, also calls for a careful approach because up to this day the most evocative and superficial interpretation is the Nazi one. Praise of power, force, vitality, and great spirits has, however, little in common with the mental and reactive aggression of the complex-ridden leaders of the Third Reich. In his writings Nietzsche proved that the cult of weakness and servility is the outcome of Christian culture. In this sense his philosophy is that of culture, and his essential research target consists of discovering the concept of strength, forgotten in Christian civilisation. Nietzschean reflections were actually not adopted in our culture since the rules of social behaviour are still governed by vital mechanisms of resentment.
Amor Fati
|
2015
|
issue 1
15-28
EN
The article deals with the idea of the drive toward the formation of metaphors, which comes from the essay „On Truth and Lies in an Extra-Moral Sense”, written by Friedrich Nietzsche in 1873. My thesis is that the rush to metaphor is necessary for the sense of happiness. By using the drive toward the formation of metaphors, humani-ty created the whole world of concepts. Because of that, the drive toward the formation of metaphors needs an-other channel for its activity. It finds this in myth and in art. Myth (generated by drive toward the formation of metaphors) today, as unlike in Ancient Greece, which is mentioned by Nietzsche, is forced to act more secretly. Two of its manifestations are the social networking service Facebook and the phenomenon of celebrities. My argument to prove the thesis is a thought experiment, which I called „schedule of life”. An example of a "schedule of life" is the case of a prisoner sentenced to death.
EN
Within Futurism, a critical concept is formed of the past, of history in general, and of the way in which history is lived in the present, along with its harmful consequences, as it becomes an excuse to avoid progress by constantly looking back at the past. This is an idea that is exemplified well by Giovanni Papini in his Discorso di Roma. Contro Roma e contro Benedetto Croce. However, the past and history as “sickness” had already been analysed by Friedrich Nietzsche in On the Use and Abuse of History for Life. In the early years of the 20 th century, the German philosopher established his presence within Italian culture thanks to the authors of the literary journal Leonardo, and Papini in particular. These intellectuals not only wrote about Nietzsche in their magazine, but they also tried to make use of Nietzche’s thought. From a Futurist perspective, the connection between the two authors has to do primarily with the criticism of history and the past. However, the Röcken-born philosopher focuses on both the abuse and use of the historical past, while Papini carries this idea to extremes by stressing only the abuse that comes from it, therefore condemning it tout court. By doing this, the Tuscan intellectual, shortly after adhering to Futurism, follows the guidelines imposed by the avant-garde movement and expresses the fiery magnitude of his thought, aimed at the destruction of the past in all its forms to make way for the long-denied future.
IT
All’interno del Futurismo si sviluppa tutta una concezione critica del passato e della storia in genere e di come essa viene vissuta nel presente, i suoi effetti deleteri, il pretesto per non progredire mai guardandosi sempre alle spalle. Esemplare di questa concezione l’approccio di Giovanni Papini analizzato attraverso il suo Discorso di Roma. Contro Roma e contro Benedetto Croce. Il passato, la storia come “malattia” erano stati trattati precedentemente da Friedrich Nietzsche in Sull’utilità e il danno della storia per la vita. Agli albori del ’900, il filosofo tedesco si afferma nella cultura italiana grazie agli intellettuali “leonardiani”, in particolar modo Papini. Questi, oltre a parlarne sulle colonne della rivista, cercarono di far funzionare nelle proprie menti il pensiero di Nietzsche. In ottica futurista, il legame fra i due verte principalmente sulla critica della storia e del passato. Tuttavia, il filosofo di Rocken si sofferma sul danno e sull’utilità del passato storico, mentre Papini estremizza tale concezione, ponendo l’accento esclusivamente sui danni da essa prodotti, spendendosi nella sua condanna tout court. In questo modo, l’intellettuale toscano appena approdato al Futurismo, uniformemente alle linee guida dettate dall’avanguardia, sprigiona tutta la portata incendiaria del proprio pensiero volto alla distruzione del passato in ogni sua forma, per schiudere le porte al futuro da esso negato.
EN
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), a critic of Western culture and Christianity in particular, was the author of "Zur Genealogie der Moral" (1887), a polemical study on the various manifestations of the constitution of morality. According to the German philosopher, ressentiment appears to be important in the genealogical study of morality. This specialised term, for which Nietzsche finds no equivalent in his native language, is the key to understanding the new construction of morality from the perspective of the revaluation of values (Umwertung aller Werte). This article is a selective attempt to describe ressentiment as a reactive feeling and a fact of human moral life by showing the semantic scope of the concept and presenting the functioning of the psychological mechanism, its meaning, and the consequences it produces. The lexical analysis of the concept allows us to examine, in a genealogical-Nietzschean way, what is the essential content of the terminus technicus itself. The semantic analysis leads to the discovery of ressentiment as a certain attitude of a moral nature that has its proper place in the spiritual-psychic structure of man. Ressentiment comes down to experiencing unfriendly feelings, usually directed against another human being. Using the knowledge of this mechanism, one can see a practical application in Nietzsche’s philosophy (dualism: the weak-strong and the victory of slave morality). The essential role of ressentiment in the moral life of man appears as a panacea serving to alleviate suffering. The product of ressentiment is slave morality, which has been victorious in history because of the weakness of the human condition as a “sick animal”. This mechanism is the source of Judeo-Christian morality. Ressentiment produced the poisoned values of Christianity and, as a result, of the entire European civilisation and decadent culture. In "Zur Genealogie der Moral", Nietzsche repeatedly describes man as possessed by resentment – “der Mensch des ressentiment”. The man possessed by ressentiment is “the cellar animal, full of vengeance and hatred” and the discoverer of an impure conscience.
PL
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), krytyk zachodniej kultury, a w szczególności chrześcijaństwa, jest autorem polemicznego studium nad różnorodnymi przejawami konstytuowania się moralności "Zur Genealogie der Moral" (1887). Według niemieckiego filozofa ważny w badaniu genealogicznym nad moralnością wydaje się ressentiment. Ten specjalistyczny termin, dla którego Nietzsche nie znajduje odpowiednika w rodzimym języku, to klucz do zrozumienia nowej konstrukcji moralności w perspektywie przewartościowania wartości (Umwertung aller Werte). Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą selektywną opisu ressentiment jako uczucia reaktywnego i faktoru życia moralnego człowieka poprzez ukazanie zakresu semantycznego pojęcia i przedstawienie funkcjonowania mechanizmu psychologicznego, jego znaczenia i konsekwencji, które wywołuje. Analiza leksykalna pojęcia pozwala nam zbadać, na sposób genealogii nietzscheańskiej, jaka jest istotowa zawartość samego terminus technicus. Analiza semantyczna doprowadza do odkrycia ressentiment jako pewnej postawy o charakterze moralnym, która ma właściwe miejsce w duchowo-psychicznej strukturze człowieka. Ressentiment sprowadza się do przeżywania nieprzyjaznych uczuć, wymierzonych zazwyczaj przeciw innemu człowiekowi. Wykorzystując znajomość tego mechanizmu, dostrzec można praktyczne jego zastosowanie w wydaniu filozofii Nietzschego. Chodzi tu o dualizm: słabi–silni a zwycięstwo moralności niewolniczej. Istotowa rola ressentiment w życiu moralnym człowieka jawi się zatem jako panaceum służące do załagodzenia cierpienia. To lek ułatwiający zniwelowanie bólu (Weltschmerz), który zatruwa życie człowieka. Produktem ressentiment jest moralność niewolnicza, która odniosła zwycięstwo w dziejach z powodu słabości ludzkiej kondycji jako „zwierzęcia chorego”. Ów mechanizm stanowi źródło moralności judeo-chrześcijańskiej. Ressentiment wytworzył zatrute wartości chrześcijaństwa, a w efekcie całej cywilizacji europejskiej i kultury dekadenckiej. W "Zur Genealogieder Moral" Nietzsche wielokrotnie opisuje człowieka opanowanego przez resentyment: „der Mensch des ressentiment”. Człowiek opanowany przez ressentiment to „piwniczne zwierzę, pełne zemsty i nienawiści”, odkrywca nieczystego sumienia.
16
63%
Diametros
|
2011
|
issue 30
29-40
PL
Jednym z elementów współczesnej kultury są seriale telewizyjne, w przeważającej mierze charakteryzujące się brakiem jakichkolwiek wartości artystycznych oraz intelektualnych. Do nielicznych pod tym względem należy serial pt. Dr House. Centralną kwestią w tym serialu jest postawa moralna głównego bohatera. Krytycy dostrzegli w niej wiele analogii do moralności Nietzscheańskiego nadczłowieka. W artykule podjęto próbę ukazania, że w moralności dr House'a odzwierciedla się Nietzscheański model estetyzacji moralności, polegający na tym, że kryterium etycznej słuszności czynów jest wolność jednostki i jej autonomiczność w kształtowaniu swego życia jako dzieła sztuki.
EN
The crucial problem in Dr. House films is the moral attitude of the main character. In this article we show that the morality of Dr. House is directly connected with the Nietzschean model of the aesthetization of morality, which implies that the criterion of the ethical value of human acts is man’s freedom and his or her autonomy in creating life as if it were a work of art. Dr. House, like the Nietzschean superman, does not respect social and ethical norms and rules. He is simply free of them. The main motive of his acts is his own, personal conviction that something is morally right or wrong. This conviction is based on the ability to think creatively.
EN
The present article analyses selected critical texts by Walery Gostomski, in which the terms ‘tragedy’/‘pathos’/‘drama’ are used in order to refer to the most significant, according to Gostomski, authors of ethical projects i.e. Friedrich Nietzsche and Leo Tolstoy. The abovementioned terms are employed by the critic according to the rules of the epoch, which means they are used interchangeably and therefore their ambivalence is attested. The abuse of the synonyms of ‘tragedy’, which both emphasizes its value and at the same time downgrades it, led to the aforementioned ambivalence. The contradictions in Nietzsche and Tolstoy’s thoughts shown in Gostomski’s texts prove for the critic the crisis of contemporary culture and destabilization of its components. References to ‘tragedy’/ ‘pathos’/‘drama’ on the one hand help to illustrate conceptual and axiological chaos and on the other, they stand as counterbalance to it, as they recall the criteria of world order as well as of verifying the quality of human experience all vested in the tradition.
18
63%
EN
Friedrich Nietzsche’s (1844-1900) legacy in the texts of the prominent protestant theologian, religious and cultural philosopher Ernst Troeltsch (1865-1923) could not be overlooked. Troeltsch, together with Adolf von Harnack (1851-1930) and Wilhelm Herrmann (1846-1922), belongs to the main circle of representatives of the Cultural Protestantism. In his analysis of the reasons and consequences of social and cultural changes and ruptures occurring at the beginning of the 20th century, Nietzsche’s philosophy became one of the main references to Troeltsch. Also Nietzsche’s attempts to overcome the menacing nihilism as a result of the decline of Christian faith has a strong influence on Troeltsch’s ethical studies. In its first part the article discusses the criticism of Nietzsche’s esthetical ethics performed by Troeltsch. The second part is dedicated to the concept of Troeltsch’s idea of History. The third part presents Troeltsch’s understanding of sense and senselessness.
PL
W artykule omawiono recepcję idei niemieckiego filozofa Fryderyka Nietzschego (1844-1900) w pismach teologa, filozofa religii i kultury Ernsta Troeltscha (1865-1923). Wpływ ten jest nie do przecenienia. Troeltsch obok Adolfa von Harnacka (1851-1930) i Wilhelma Herrmanna (1846-1922) należy do czołowych przedstawicieli protestantyzmu kulturowego. Artykuł analizuje powody i konsekwencje zmian społecznych i kulturowych, jakie miały miejsce na początku XX wieku. W tym kontekście, idee Nietzschego jawią się jako jedna z głównych inspiracji twórczości Troeltscha. Próby Nietzschego pokonania grożącego nihilizmu, będącego wynikiem upadku wiary chrześcijańskiej, mają również silny wpływ na studia Troeltscha nad etyką. W artykule omówiono najpierw krytykę estetycznej etyki Nietzschego przeprowadzoną przez Troeltscha. Druga cześć poświęcona jest troeltschowskiej koncepcji etycznej historii. Część trzecia zdaje relację z metafizyki historii, w której sens przeplata się z bezsensem.
PL
Artykuł bada, czy Nietzsche, niewątpliwie przeciwny chrześcijaństwu, które widział, jest także daleki od sedna chrześcijaństwa i wiary ewangelicznej. Czy jego koncepcje mogą być wskazówką dla człowieka próbującego znaleźć ślady Boga w czasie post mortem Dei? Przy próbie odpowiedzi na powyższe pytania pomocna będzie analiza dzieł Nietzschego.Na zakończenie artykuł wykaże, że burzliwe, niespokojne, otwarte, odważne i wciąż łamiące zwykłe myślenie Nietzschego, które nie boi się nocy, może stać się rodzajem szlaku w poszukiwaniu Boga, którego nie można uchwycić w siatkę pojęć. Może ono także stanowić strumień oczyszczający chrześcijaństwo i kierujący je z powrotem ku źródłom ewangelicznym. Może również pomóc chrześcijanom zastanowić się nad własną wiarą.
EN
The article examines whether Nietzsche – who was against the Christianity he saw – is just as far from the heart of Christianity and the Gospel faith? And whether his concepts can be helpful for a man seeking God’s footsteps in post mortem Dei time? Analysis the works of Nietzsche will be helpful when trying to answer the these questions.In conclusion the article will show that restless, open, courageous and still breaking the usual patterns Nietzsche’s thinking which is not afraid of the night, it may become a trail in search of the God, which can not be grasped in the concepts. And it can be a stream purifying Christianity, directing it back to the Gospel sources. And Nietzsche’s thoughts can be helpful for Christians too, to they reflect on their faith.
EN
The article presents the conception of freedom in Nietzsche's thought in the three periods of his writings. In the first period Nietzsche believe that freedom is connected with estethical-tragic contempletion in the Greek tragedy. He also points out that freedom is culture-forming act in the unity with oneself and with the world. In the second period Nietzsche says that to become truly free is to liberate oneself from the metaphysics and religious tradition. In the third period Nietzsche is convinced that only those who have gived themselves the law which is an expression of their nature are truly free. 
first rewind previous Page / 4 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.