Nowadays as a result of socioeconomic changes and development of the third sector the increasing role begin to play NGOs. Each year they engage more citizen not only for voluntarily but also for employ. NGOs are subject to economization and professionalization. Increasing their importance as entities in the labor market. NGOs have a significant impact on the new social economy institution. They are effective subject in creasing activity of persons from disadvantaged background. Growing participation NGOs in activation measures on the labor market should include all job seekers. Private actors in the labor market should be treated on par with the public actors and receive the same support from the state and local governments.
The reviewed monograph is well characterised in motto placed by the author in the introduction: 'It is impossible to define whether it will be better when it will be otherwise. But if it has to be better, it has to be changed' (Georg Christoph Lichtenberg). Non-governmental and not profitable organisations - carriers of innovations of public services is a tittle of the monograph taking the current topic in Slovakia. So far lack of literature which could show in a holistic way the studied issues prompted the author to interest the topic. The task was not so difficult for her because she has a dozen items of literature with similar problems in her scientific achievements.(fragment of text)
The activity of non-profit organizations is a part of the civil society development. Transport is the sector of an economy in which the great collaboration potential exists among the official authority and organizations of the third sector. The article presents the results of questionnaire survey conducted by the Transport Department of the University of Economics in Katowice in 2012 amongst Polish non-profit organizations focusing on transport. Based on achieved results principal areas of activity of these organizations were recognized. It was also possible to make the attempt of the evaluation of the relationship between non-profit organizations and subjects of the transport policy of different ranks.
W rozmaitych tekstach dotyczących ekonomii społecznej raz po raz pojawia się słowo izomorfizm, dotąd nie rozwijane szerzej w literaturze przedmiotu. Artykuł przedstawia zasadnicze cechy konceptu izomorfizmu instytucjonalnego - pojęcia wypracowanego w dziedzinie socjologii organizacji. Trzy główne typy procesów izomorfizmu, tj. koercyjne, mimetyczne i normatywne, wyodrębnili w swoim klasycznym eseju z 1983 r. P. DiMaggio i W. Powell. Autorzy ci podjęli także próbę antycypacji wystąpienia zmiany izomorficznej poprzez wyszczególnienie wyznaczników takiej zmiany na poziomie organizacji i na poziomie pola organizacyjnego (ustalonego obszaru życia instytucji, jej bliższego i dalszego środowiska). Spośród różnych prób operacjonalizacji izomorfizmu do bardziej zaawansowanych należą prace E. Lewis. W sektorze non profit z różnych względów należy się spodziewać występowania tendencji izomorficznych. O niektórych z nich mówił już C. Borzaga. Artykuł obrazuje znane w literaturze zagranicznej przykłady procesów izomorficznych w sektorze pozarządowym i ekonomii społecznej. W Szwecji sieć stowarzyszeń oferujących edukację dla dorosłych zmaga się z uniformizacją wyrastającą z zależności finansowych od państwa oraz z koniecznością orientacji prorynkowej. W Wielkiej Brytanii wszystkie trzy presje izomorficzne zagrażają entuzjastycznej orientacji prousługowej w sektorze publicznym. Procesy izomorficzne dotykają także przedsiębiorstwa społeczne w Danii. Stan izomorfizmu w polskim sektorze non profit nie został jeszcze szerzej zbadany. (abstrakt oryginalny)
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Time and again, authors of various texts on social economy use the term 'isomorphism'without elaborating it any further. The article discusses the fundamental features ofthe concept of institutional isomorphism developed in the field of the sociology of organisations. P. DiMaggio and W. Powell in their seminal essay of 1983 identified three main kinds of isomorphism: coercive, mimetic and normative. Those authors also tried to anticipate the emergence of isomorphic change by specifying the determinants of such change at the level of organisations and organisational fields (a specific area in which an institution operates, its more and less distant environments). Amongst various attempts to operation- alise this idea, E. Lewis'work, as the most advanced, comes to the fore. In the non-profit sector, isomorphic trends can be expected for a variety of reasons. Some of them were already mentioned by C. Borzaga.This article recalls examples of isomorphic processes in the non-government sector and in social economy, well-known in international literature. In Sweden, the network of associations offering education for adults struggles with a uniformisation rooted in financial dependence on the state and the necessity to demonstrate a promarket orientation. In the UK, all three isomorphic pressures threaten the enthusiastic pro-service orientation in the public sector. Isomorphic processes also affect social enterprises in Denmark. The issue of isomorphism of Poland's non-profit sector has not been examined in depth until now. (original abstract)
The complexity of collective public transport processes has caused the legislators of EU countries to create permanent regulations concerning the functioning of both organisers and operators of these services. Due to the fact that the organisation of public transport generally lays in the hands of either a local government unit or the minister of transport, a legal person which shall execute the operational tasks of public transport should be appointed. A management board, either in the form of budgetary unit or individual department, usually takes care of the organisation of urban public transport. Local government units are as a matter of fact non-profit organisations which function within the framework of committed budget. This rule also applies to local organisations, which work towards communities. Therefore, a cognitive problem arises - could non-government organisations carry out certain special tasks of local collective public transport and if so, to what extent and how specialised would they have to be. This issue has a significant applicatory value of the possible provision of conditional guidelines of functioning. Those, in turn, could contribute to a strategy for a diversification of roles of public life organisers precisely through the activity of NGOs.
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