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Terracotta Equid Figurines from Tell Arbid. New Evidence on Equids, Their Equipment and Exploitation in North Mesopotamia during Third and First Half of Second Millennium BC

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Makowski M.

Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)

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2014

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issue 27

257–278

XX

Terracotta figurines are one of the few iconographical sources available for the study of equids, their breeding and exploitation in Northern Mesopotamia in the third and first half of the second millennium BC. However, the insights offered by this category of artifacts have largely been unrecognized by scholars, what is particularly conspicuous in the Khabur River basin, where equid figurines are very common finds. A detailed analysis of this type of figured documents, especially of the hitherto unpublished assemblage from Tell Arbid, shows that among details marked on the figurines were characteristics of the separate equid species, elements of their equipment and details pointing to certain breeding practices. What makes the equid figurines from the Khabur region even more interesting is the fact that that some of the details were not represented on Near Eastern equid depictions in other media (dorsal and shoulder stripes, strapping of genitalia), have been attested for much later periods (trappers) or have been known solely from written documents (saddle bags, marking of animals).

2

Settlement history of Iraqi Kurdistan: an assessment halfway into the project

84%

Koliński R.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2017

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vol. 26(1)

579-590

EN

The objectives of the “Settlement history of Iraqi Kurdistan” project include the identification and recording of archaeological sites and other heritage monuments across an area of more than 3000 km2 located on both banks of the Greater Zab river, north of Erbil. A full survey of the western bank was carried out over three field seasons, in 2013, 2014 and 2015 (leaving the Erbil/Haūler province to be studied in the next two seasons). To date, at least 147 archaeological sites dating from the early Neolithic Hassuna culture to late Ottoman times have been registered. Moreover, the project documented 39 architectural monuments, as well as the oldest rock reliefs in Mesopotamia dating from the mid 3rd millennium BC, located in the village of Gūnduk. Altogether 91 caves and rock shelters were visited in search of Paleolithic and Pre-Pottery Neolithic remains. The paper is an interim assessment of the results halfway into the project, showing the trends and illuminating gaps in the current knowledge.

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Of Men and Equids: Piecing the Clay Images from Tell Arbid Back Together

84%

Makowski M.

Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)

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2015

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issue 28

121–140

EN

This paper aims at analyzing relations between different types of clay figurines and models found at Tell Arbid, a site in northern Mesopotamia, in the Khabur region. Starting with a presentation of a set of third millennium BC clay objects – including an equid and an anthropomorphic figurines, as well as a wheel model – the author discusses those figurines which were deliberately shaped to fit, or to be combined with, other objects. Analyzing them against the backdrop of analogies from Mesopotamian iconographic sources allowed for defining some functional associations between the representations of males, wheeled vehicles and/or equids. The hypothetically reconstructed sets seem to reproduce scenes well-known from other media. Based on these observations, it is possible better to understand and to interconnect phenomena characteristic for the clay plastic art not just of the site but of the whole region: predominance of equids, prevalence of male over female images and popularity of model vehicles.

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2 Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)

1 Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

2 Makowski M.

1 Koliński R.

1 2018

1 2015

1 2014

Terracotta Equid Figurines from Tell Arbid. New Evidence on Equids, Their Equipment and Exploitation in North Mesopotamia during Third and First Half of Second Millennium BC

Settlement history of Iraqi Kurdistan: an assessment halfway into the project

Of Men and Equids: Piecing the Clay Images from Tell Arbid Back Together