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EN
This present study is a review of the most important statements of the Church contained in the conciliar decisions and papal documents on Jews and Judaism as well as on the relations between Jewish and Christian communities in the Middle Ages and in the Modern Era. The texts selected refer to both the religious and economic aspects, as well as the administrative aspect. Some statements have a negative overtone and have at times been described as anti-Semitic; however, more commonly, they express the Church's concern for the proper place and rights of the Jewish communities living in the neighbourhood of the Christian environment.
EN
The Catholic Church has been observing the cultural changes in society of the twenty and twenty-first centuries and attempting to reformulate its relationship towards non-Christian religions. Discussion over the question as to whether Christians and Muslims believe and acknowledge the same God has also impacted the Czech theological scene. The paper is presented as a contribution to the discussion. The main source is a letter of Pope Gregory VII to a certain Muslim ruler where he formulated the sentence qui unum Deum, licet diverso modo, credimus et confitemur. The quotation is interpreted in the context of contemporary discussions. The paradigm for interpreting the issue and answering the question is found in theological argumentation based on methodological respect for the mysteries of God's life.
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EN
This article discusses the relations between Jews and Christians, especially in the last 50 years, after the promulgation (October, 28th 1965) of the Decree „Nostra Aetate” of the Second Vatican Council. The paper consists of three parts: in the first part we find the evaluation of the outstanding importance of Christian-Jewish dialogue, exercised by the St. John Paul II. – In the second part our attention is focused on the theological dialogue between Hans Urs von Balthasar and Martin Buber. Finally, in the third part we take into consideration the important the theological contribution of Joseph Ratzinger-Pope Benedict XVI on behalf of Christian-Jewish living together.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy relacji między Żydami a chrześcijanami, szczególnie w ostatnich 50 latach, po promulgacji przez II Sobór Watykański dekretu Nostra aetate (28 października 1965 r.). Artykuł składa się z trzech części. W pierwszej znajdujemy ewaluację mającego ogromne znaczenie dialogu chrześcijańsko-żydowskiego uprawianego przez św. Jana Pawła II. W drugiej części uwaga jest skoncentrowana na dialogu teologicznym między Hansem Ursem von Balthasarem i Martinem Buberem. W końcowej, trzeciej części uwzględniony został ważny wkład teologiczny Josepha Ratzingera – papieża Benedykta XVI w dziedzinę współżycia chrześcijańsko-żydowskiego.
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