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Życie codzienne w oddziałach Ochotniczej Legii Kobiet (1918–1922)

100%

Marcinkiewicz-Kaczmarczyk A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

2018

issue 101

135-146

The Voluntary Women’s Legion was established on November 1918 in Lvov, during the war of Polish borders. The women participated in military operations because of difficult military situation when Lvov was attacked by Ukrainians. The second Voluntary Women’s Legion was organized in Vilnius during the Polish-Soviet war. The threat from the Soviet side caused that the Ministry of Military Affairs founded the another units of the women’s legion – in Warsaw, in Cracov and in Poznan. Women-soldiers were serving as couriers, guards and clerks. The women formation was terminated in 1920, after the end of the war of Polish borders. The difficult military situation caused economic crisis which influenced on their accommodation, uniforms andequipment of women-soldiers. They were living in destroyed barracks and had to wear masculine uniforms which were too large for them. Their shoes were also too big and damaged. Sometimes they had to change their own footwear, for example – cut the heels. In that situation the shoes which were used by them were uncomfortable and caused cuts and abrasions of feet. Many women didn’t accepted living conditions in the army and didn’t want to continue their service. But it has to be emphasise that a large part of them were patriots and regardless of the conditions, they devoted themselves to their tasks.

Ochotnicza Legia Kobiet (OLK) została powołana w listopadzie 1918 r., w okresie walk o Lwów. Przyczyną zaangażowania kobiet w działania militarne była bardzo ciężka sytuacja wojskowa oraz poważne niedobory kadrowe w armii polskiej. W 1919 r., w trakcie wojny polsko-radzieckiej, powołano 2 OLK w Wilnie. Następnie, w wyniku wzrastającego zagrożenia ze strony zbliżającej się Armii Czerwonej, w połowie 1920 r. Ministerstwo Spraw Wojskowych podjęło decyzję o utworzeniu nowych batalionów w Warszawie, w Krakowie i w Poznaniu. Działania militarne oraz związana z nimi sytuacja gospodarcza kraju miały negatywny wpływ na warunki życia codziennego legionistek – ich zakwaterowanie, umundurowanie i wyposażenie. Z powyższych powodów, legionistki często kwaterowały w zniszczonych i nie nadających się do zamieszkania koszarach, otrzymywały niedostateczne wyżywienie, nie zawsze posiadały pełne umundurowanie czy obuwie. Problemom zaopatrzeniowym w oddziałach OLK starano się zaradzić w różny sposób. Między innymi zakładano zakłady szewskie czy pracownie krawieckie na terenie koszar. Należy podkreślić, że nie wszystkie legionistki były w stanie dostosować się do ciężkich warunków bytowych, a także do panujących w wojsku zwyczajów. Duża część z nich dzielnie znosiła jednak trudne warunki życia w koszarach, w pełni poświęcając się pełnieniu służby wojskowej i wykonywaniu przydzielanych im zadań.

Członkinie Ochotniczej Legii Kobiet – ich postawy i zasługi w latach 1918–1922

89%

Marcinkiewicz-Kaczmarczyk A.

Polish Biographical Studies

2016

issue 4

7-23

Ochotnicza LigaKobiet was the first regular military formation feminine on Polish soil, which was created in 1918. During the Polish-Ukrainian struggle for Lwów. A year later, during the Polish-Soviet War, he founded OLK 2 in Vilnius. The growing threat of the Soviet Union meant that in 1920. Formation was reorganized and in August this year took part in the Battle of Warsaw. Portrait collective members OLK both representatives of the officers, as usual serial – Sentinel, courier or administrative workers. For obvious reasons, the most famous were the first of these, which often continued its operations after the termination of formation – in the interwar period, and later during World War II. These include the, m.in.: the initiator and founder of OLK – Lt.-Col. Aleksandra Zagorska, see. Wanda Gertz – commander of the Legion of Vilnius, Sec. Irena Jędrychowska – Battalion commander OLK in Poznan, Sec. Maria Chojecka – battalion commander campaign administrative OLK in Warsaw, Lieutenant. Halina Kowalska – commander OLK branch in Grudziądz.A large part of the representatives of officers OLK was educated and came from landowning families or intellectual, where the cultivated tradition of independence. They were also often involved in the work of independence before the outbreak of World War I, and thus represented by patriotic attitudes they have been shaped before joining OLK. As a result, in the course of military service, they were characterized by a special commitment and often were successful. Their achievements were appreciated by giving them badges and managerial functions. It is worth noting that the decorations and received praise not only representatives of the officers, but also non-commissioned officers or serial, which were also exemplary soldiers.In conclusion, we can say that the period of operation of OLK was an important step in the military participation of women, and even though the formation was liquidated, gained by its members experience became a vehicle for the development of the movement of military training of women in the interwar period.

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1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica

1 Polish Biographical Studies

2 Marcinkiewicz-Kaczmarczyk A.

1 2018

1 2016

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Życie codzienne w oddziałach Ochotniczej Legii Kobiet (1918–1922)

Członkinie Ochotniczej Legii Kobiet – ich postawy i zasługi w latach 1918–1922