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1

Szanowni Państwo!

100%

Rulewicz J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2006

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issue 1

3-4

EN

We heartily recommend the latest issue of “Ochrona Zabytków”. If it has reached our regular readers then we wish to express our utmost satisfaction that we have been able to gain steadfast recipients interested in the problems discussed by us. If, however, this is your first contact with our quarterly then we sincerely hope that our publication will meet with your interest , enhance your knowledge, or inspire you to present your own professional experiences on its pages. The current issue is to a great extent devoted to questions associated with town planning and architecture. The article about the town-planning development of Białogard connects this topic with principles for the protection of cultural heritage. Material about the former Teutonic Order castle in Rogóźno-Zamek considers ways of suitably protecting ruins while referring to an article about assorted methods of conserving historical ruins, published in the previous issue of our quarterly. We also propose texts dealing with small urban architecture – more precisely, with the historical street surfaces in Szczecin and their protection. This prominent question constitutes an extremely important supplement of conservation undertakings aimed at salvaging, protecting, and displaying municipal historical space as a whole and not merely its particular fragments and individual objects. We propose also other articles, such as the one about the church of St. Catherine of Alexandria in Golub; here, an examination of the painted elevations closely connects architecture with painting. The text about the revalorisation of the Branicki Garden in Białystok and the article about the provenance of the Strzelno sculptures and columns (in the collection of the National Museum in Poznań) are especially relevant. Our review section contains two particularly noteworthy publications. Hoping that you appreciate this offer we invite you to enjoy the contents of successive issues of “Ochrona Zabytków”. Respectfully yours, Jacek Rulewicz Director of the National Centre for Historical Monument Studies and Documentation

2

Szanowni Państwo!

100%

Rulewicz J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2004

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issue 1-2

3-4

EN

We take the pleasure of presenting a successive issue of “Ochrona Zabytków” in which we tried to amass varied and interesting material. We sincerely hope that its contents will contribute to acquiring new information and expanding essential knowledge. The diversity of the contents stems from our wish to tackle the largest possible number of topics and encompass a wide range of issues associated with the protection of historical monuments. Articles about the adaptation of historical objects for the purposes of hotels and the tourist functions fulfilled by the castles of Mazovia are thus accompanied by texts on the conservation of paper and old timber, as well as about the new technologies serving contemporary archaeology. We would also like to draw your attention to the importance of protecting historical cemeteries. It is our intention to extend the range of the periodical since we are interested in all questions pertaining to historical monuments. This is the reason for our appeal addressed to researchers, the conservation services staff, and the caretakers and patrons of historical monuments, whose texts we eagerly await. We envisage “Ochrona Zabytków” as a forum with which the readers would identify themselves. On our part we shall make all the necessary efforts to retain the heretofore high editorial level and meet the expectations of our readers. The presented volume is a consecutive double issue; however, we hope that soon the next issues will be available at an appropriate time. Sincerely, Jacek Rulewicz Director of the National Centre for Historical Monument Studies and Documentation

3

Szanowni Państwo!

100%

Rulewicz J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2005

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issue 1

3-4

EN

It gives me great pleasure to present a new issue of “Ochrona Zabytków”. I would also like to draw your attention to the fact that once again our periodical will be appearing as a quarterly – in the full meaning of the term. Our resignation from double issues means that we have successfully overcome the greatest obstacles. I sincerely hope that successive issues will be soon available on a regular basis. The current issue of ”Ochrona Zabytków” is, therefore, no longer a joint volume and thus is less copious than its predecessors. This does not mean that the theme and range of the discussed problems have been restricted – we shall continue making all possible efforts to maintain a variegated scope. On a yearly scale “Ochrona Zabytków” will include articles representing heretofore sections. We also intend to continue expanding our interests. Each publisher wishes to meet the expectations of his readers. We too share this objective, and thus plan to write about questions of interest to representatives of assorted specialisations as well as those readers who pursue the topic of historical monuments although not professionally. We hope to constantly improve the level of our periodical both as regards its contents and editorial standard. The articles in the current issue have been selected in such a manner so as to preserve the majority of the permanent sections. We continue to await your suggestions – comments, ideas and especially texts – relating to questions which we have not addressed and which you would like find in our publication. Now, when “Ochrona Zabytków” has inaugurated a regular publishing cycle, introducing a constant size and price, we sincerely hope that it will become a permanent addition to your libraries. Sincerely, Jacek Rulewicz Director of the National Centre for Historical Monument Studies and Documentation

4

Szanowni Państwo!

100%

Rulewicz J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2005

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issue 2

3-4

EN

You have received the newest issue of “Ochrona Zabytków”. It makes its appearance in December, which is a special month in the calendar. It is the month with the most beautiful holiday of all, which is deeply connected with Polish customs. This time we would like this publication, which as usual undertakes many different subjects, to clearly emphasize the importance of tradition in our everyday lives. That is also the reason for the materials devoted to Christmas traditions in the Żywiec region, which is a special place for many reasons. The customs, which ought to be cultivated and recorded, are an integral element of native culture, our immaterial but also important heritage. Caring for spiritual value involves not only those phenomena described here, but also the entire legacy which the past has handed down to us. Among the many other subjects discussed in this issue, I would like to draw your attention to an issue which is raised relatively rarely, though it is particularly important – underwater archeology. The article concerning the residence of shÿgun Ashikaga in Kyoto comes to us from a far away and exotic place. We also write about problems associated with maintaining the castle in Besiekiery, or those of historic church bells in Great Poland. We hope that the variety of subjects in this issue of “Ochrona Zabytków” will be well received, and that every Reader will find something that is of particular interest to him or her. That is our aim – “Ochrona Zabytków” is intended to reach the widest possible audience, constitute a forum in which to exchange ideas and experiences, and encourage people who are not professionally associated with the art of conservation and protection of historic artifacts to broaden their knowledge. We wish you a peaceful, fulfilling and joyful Christmas holiday, and success, happiness, health and dreams come true in the New Year, 2006. Respectfully yours, Jacek Rulewicz Director of the National Centre for Historical Monument Studies and Documentation

5

Szanowni Państwo!

100%

Rulewicz J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2003

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issue 3-4

3-4

EN

It gives us great pleasure to present yet another issue of “Ochrona Zabytków”. We have learned that the previous volume of our periodical, prepared by a new editorial board, has met with your interest and approval. We would like to draw your attention to a series of articles about the art of illuminating historical objects. The monuments, withdrawn from night-time shadows, reveal a totally new appearance, although in order to avoid banality the lighting should meet certain requirements, a feat which is an art in itself. In accordance with the years-long tradition of “Ochrona Zabytków” we are open to co-operation with experienced representatives of assorted sciences serving the preservation of the cultural heritage, workers of the conservation services, as well as the guardians and users of historical objects. We also invite young apprentices of the art of conservation, particularly familiar with modern technologies that facilitate the restoration of former splendour to historical monuments. On our part, we shall continue to make all possible efforts for the successive issues to possess crucial, variegated contents, serve an exchange of experiences within the protection of cultural heritage, and to present an increasingly attractive graphic layout. It is our ambition for “Ochrona Zabytków” to become a permanent fixture in your libraries; this would be not only a source of indubitable satisfaction for us but also an incentive for a constant improvement of the periodical’s standard. The presented volume is yet another joint issue since we are doing everything possible to compensate for delays. It is also our intention for the periodical to become more easily accessible, i. a. thanks to co-operation with the EMPIK network. We welcome your cooperation and hope that you find our material interesting reading. Respectfully yours, Jacek Rulewicz Director of the National Centre for Historical Monument Studies and Documentation

6

Szanowni Państwo!

100%

Rulewicz J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2005

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issue 3

3-4

EN

It gives us great pleasure to present another issue of “Ochrona Zabytków”, a quarterly which, we trust, has already become a permanent part of your library collections. It is our ambition that it should meet your expectations by enabling an expansion of interests, assisting in research and, primarily, acting as a forum for an exchange of information and practical experiences. With this objective in mind, we try to constantly pursue problems related to a widely comprehended protection and conservation of historical objects, the cultural landscape, and historical heritage as a whole. We would like to draw your attention to the particularly noteworthy article about conservation at the Museum-Castle in Łańcut as well as texts about the Beautiful Well in Nysa, the town hall in Jawor, or the exciting history of the non-extant Pompeian Cabinet at the former Municipal Museum in Szczecin. The section devoted to landscapes includes material about the restored parks and gardens of Warmia and Mazuria. Authors writing about non-material heritage describe its assorted and prominent, albeit frequently ignored aspects. An extremely interesting and commendable article on the tasks of archaeology involved in the revalorisation of gardens stresses that the significance of excavations conducted in parks and gardens simply cannot be overestimated. The part played by garden archaeologists in becoming familiar with the historical shape of old gardens remains outstanding. Hoping that you will enjoy this selection of texts, we sincerely recommend the successive issue of “Ochrona Zabytków”, soon to be published, and renew our invitation to consider further co-operation. Respectfully yours, Jacek Rulewicz Director of the National Centre for Historical Monument Studies and Documentation

7

Szanowni Czytelnicy!

100%

Gawlicki M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2007

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issue 4

3-4

EN

This issue of ”Ochrona Zabytków” opens with a text associated with the conception of creating a Polish archaeological heritage database. The necessity of embarking upon such a task is all too obvious. Before this takes place it is necessary to realise a number of organisational and methodological tasks by basing ourselves to a great measure on European experiences. Suitable work carried out by the National Heritage Board of Poland should in the nearest future produce a cohesive realisation concept. Numerous monuments across the country continue to conceal assorted secrets connected with the history of their erection and consecutive transformations. In order to unravel them it is mandatory to commence the cooperation of architects and archaeologists. The effects include an article about the heretofore little examined monument of Romanesque architecture in Krzyworzeka (the county of Wielun). It is worth examining the past of this particular monument, while at the same time becoming acquainted with the workshop applied by outstanding experts on architecture. By way of contrast with churches maintained in good condition, we discuss the ownerless and abandoned churches facing total devastation in north-western Ukraine. Unfortunately, the time when we shall take a last look at the rapidly disappearing traces of valuable monuments of Polish culture is approaching at an equally quick rate; registering them is, therefore, our common obligation. Another interesting topic is the assessment of the resources of historical castles. The investment projects pursued by numerous managers of historical complexes of mediaeval architecture frequently remain at odds with the elementary principles of conservation. We still have a chance to satisfactorily protect and display the extraordinary landscape qualities of castle ruins. Superficial adaptation and reconstruction can deprive us of such an opportunity. This topic, of immense importance within the context of plans for the reconstruction of many mediaeval castles, will be soon considered in ”Ochrona Zabytków”. I also recommend other interesting articles on the practical problems of the daily protection or conservation of historical monuments. Respectfully yours Marcin Gawlicki Director of the National Heritage Board of Poland

8

Szanowni Czytelnicy!

100%

Gawlicki M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2007

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issue 2

3-4

EN

Upon this occasion we have entrusted the cover of “Ochrona Zabytków” to the youngest lovers of historical monuments. The featured works are the outcome of a visual arts competition held by the National Heritage Board of Poland and the Centre for Civic Education as part of the annual celebrations of the European Heritage Days. Over 2 000 works of art competed, all representing a high level and displaying not only the talents of their authors but, particularly important, depicting the most valuable monuments and regions in a new light, frequently unknown to professional conservators. This significant experience made it possible to discern the essential meaning of the reception of artworks and historical monuments, including their non-material dimension. We hope to return to similar forms of promoting cultural heritage, especially among the younger generation. Today, we recommend an article analysing the opinions of Warsaw secondaryschool pupils about fundamental conservation theories. The amassed views proved to be quite different from those dictating the standard treatment of numerous architectural monuments and assessments of historical value. This is yet another important aspect of social participation in all domains associated with the protection of the historical heritage. One of the themes frequently broached during the children’s visual arts competition was Wawel Hill and Castle – a foremost Polish historical complex featured in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The opening pages of our periodical contain information about the establishment of the World Heritage Committee in Poland. The Wawel-related theme also inaugurates texts on conservation presented by an expert on the architecture of the Castle within the context of the ever-topical and outright fundamental discussion on mutual relations between reconstruction and creative conservation. Lately, this debate has pertained to the prominent question of the numerous reconstructions of mediaeval castle ruins across the country and the limits of permissible intervention into historical structures and their landscape merits. The example of Wawel Hill and Castle and the history of their revival demonstrates how every decision concerning this complicated question should be well-documented and justified; its also reflects the sensible and careful nature of resolutions to adapt a historical monument for contemporary functions. The proposed issue of our periodical attempts to evoke the works of Kazimierz Stronczyński, the author of the first mid-nineteenth century inventories of monuments of Polish culture, documentalist and researcher. At present, his meticulous drawings and watercolours are an invaluable source of knowledge about monuments of architecture. It is our sincere hope that the years-long efforts to issue Stronczyński’s publications, deposited at Warsaw University Library, will prove successful. Finally, some personal reflections on the passage of time and the outstanding conservators to whom we bid farewell in this issue. We recall the achievements of Professor Stanisław Latour, who passed away in autumn 2007, his prominent contribution to the post-war reconstruction and conservation of the most valuable historical monuments in Szczecin; in the course of the successive decades of his professional activity, this brilliant architect, researcher, and conservator remained particularly closely connected with “Ochrona Zabytków”. In one of our coming issues we shall return to the Professor’s life and the monuments to which he was passionately devoted. Sincerely yours Marcin Gawlicki Director of the National Heritage Board of Poland

9

Nieraz oglądałem ojczyznę...

100%

Chabiera A.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2019

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issue 2

9-10

EN

“From above, from planes, I had watched the motherland many times, but that time, it was different. With just one glance, I could see it all. The entire country. From over there Poland seemed little, but at the same time beautiful”. These words of Mirosław Hermaszewski, the first Polish astronaut, welcome users of the www.zabytek.pl portal. The photographic database of Polish monuments is supposed to fulfil exactly this role – enable users to take a glance and get to know the monuments of Poland. But there is also another symbolic way of looking at heritage: in order to preserve it for future generations, we should not only focus on researching monuments or the ways of preserving them, but also understand that only a living heritage – one with which the community builds relations and in whose life it is present – has a chance to survive. In the past, conservation and museum environments focused on preserving resources, but today their skills and knowledge must also cover areas related to the use of heritage by the community – the presence of heritage in its everyday life. In other words, understanding that we are guardians of heritage on an equal footing with local communities is crucial for its preservation. Therefore, we recognise the need to develop methods of education, promotion, local strategies and other activities which, together with various studies on heritage and its conservation policy, are part of the field of heritage management. In this issue of “Ochrona Zabytków” we initiate the section “Heritage Management”. We will present articles on a wide range of issues concerning the presence of heritage in the life of the community, based on co-responsibility and co-decision making of stakeholders as a condition of heritage preservation. We want to create a space for texts related to local policy on heritage, spatial planning, revitalisation, heritage education, promotion, support for entre-preneurship, cultural tourism and the challenges of heritage protection in the era of intensive tourism – to mention just a few issues related to heritage management. We encourage you to read and submit your articles to our new section.

10

Szanowni Państwo, drodzy Czytelnicy...

100%

Serafinowicz J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2016

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issue 2

3-4

EN

Ladies and Gentlemen, dear Readers, excellent Reviewers and Authors of the articles, in a word – dear Friends of “Ochrona Zabytków”! I have a particularly good news for you: a ground-breaking fascicle of our semi-annual periodical is being published. It is ground-breaking since it is in a bilingual version – in Polish and English. It is indeed a wonderful present for the New Year. A present which we have dreamt of for a very long time, thus it should be noted that, however, after a long wait, it is finally the time when dreams come true. Undoubtedly, there will be more work for editors but the benefit of this change is obvious: the group of our readers will substantially increase which, in turn, should result in a bigger interest on the part of potential authors of articles, and this may contribute to the enrichment of the subject area and improve the level of the periodical. Ladies and Gentlemen, as in the previous fascicles, we were trying to add variety also to this one by introducing diverse topics the list of which, as always, we printed at the beginning of the volume. As it happens that the second annual volume of “Ochrona Zabytków” is released during the Christmas and New Year period, I wish to sincerely thank, on behalf of the editorial team, all the excellent people who wanted to share their work, thought and the joy of creation with us and to wish them a lot of success in the New Year of 2017 which, undoubtedly, will result in further interesting and important articles that we will publish in our periodical with a great pleasure and satisfaction. Jacek Serafinowicz Editor-in-chief

11

Szanowni Państwo!

100%

Rulewicz J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2006

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issue 2

3-4

EN

The current issue of “Ochrona Zabytków” devotes much space to the past and contemporary approach to the conservation of historical monuments. This turned out to be a complicated problem since such ostensibly fundamental terms as the assorted aspects of conservation, restoration, reconstruction, decomposition or arrangement continue to provoke discussions. At the same time, we are witnessing the emergence of a uniform, worldwide vocabulary used by professionals dealing with the protection of historical monuments and the treatment of its contents as universally binding in all sorts of conservation undertakings. At present it is maintained that planning conservation should involve all environments associated with care for monuments, and that the conservator should play the part of an advocate of cultural property. We heartily encourage you to join in the pertinent debate. The manner in which the language of theory is translated into practice is illustrated by successive articles on, i. a. a project for reactivating the New Market Square in Wrocław or the historical transformations of the Public Library building in Warsaw and conception of its expansion. We particularly recommend learning about the computer analysis of the image, applied in research dealing with historical objects. The non-invasive character of this analysis makes it possible to make a precise diagnosis and is conducive for prophylaxis. Computers of the newest generation come to the aid of researchers, but their oldest predecessors already demand conservation. Its essence is discussed in an article on the collections of electronic calculation objects featured at the Museum of Technology in Warsaw. The protection of the landscape and the traces of material and non-material heritage contained therein is considered in texts on the Bieszczady National Park. Readers interested in the state of the preservation of rock material and connected technological processes are recommended the article about Grodziec Castle in Lower Silesia. In the next issue you shall find a certain dose of exotica. We sincerely hope that you have been expecting such an exchange of conservation experiences. Respectfully yours, Jacek Rulewicz Director of the National Centre for Historical Monument Studies and Documentation

12

Szanowni Czytelnicy!

100%

Gawlicki M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2008

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issue 1

3-4

EN

For a number of years we have been observing the negative phenomenon of a constant deterioration of the quality of documentation accompanying assorted conservation undertakings. The reasons for this state of affairs appear to be myriad, and their enumeration would soon change into a long list of grievances. Mention is due to systemic transformation and the end of an era of a monopolist – the State Ateliers for the Conservation of Historical Monuments, which for decades defined the principles of professional documentation. Other noteworthy factors include the contemporary dictate of the investor and his frequent and exaggerated expectations concerning the future use of monuments. Let us also notice the decline of the profession and a dramatic absence of the professional training of architects acting in the realm of architectural monuments; the latter context entails the discernible conflict between the properly understood value of a monument, which deserves to be protected, and the creative ambitions of the designer. Finally, let us stress insufficient financial funds, which impose the necessity of tackling, first and foremost, the threatened historical substance instead of time-consuming research and project documentation, preceding all other work. In this situation, who would even think about documenting assorted endeavours concerning the monument? At the same time, we should also ask: who is to speak in favour of the monument as such, often seriously threatened or outright damaged by ill–considered, incorrectly planned, badly designed and unprofessionally documented conservation? You will find an attempt at delineating indispensable standards for project documentation in a dialogue about these fundamental questions. I would like to draw your attention to a new perception of a prominent issue, associated with the suitable preparation of a conservation project and conduct affecting monuments of architecture. At this stage, it is worth recalling a wider historical context connected with conservation projects, and thus becoming acquainted with the origin of the present-day situation, focusing on a diagnosis of the prevailing state of things, recollecting the oft-forgotten elementary rules and principles and, finally, reaching for the proposals made by interdisciplinary efforts intent on devising contemporary documentation principles. A closer examination of these topical texts is proposed by examples illustrating the way in which project errors may damage the qualities of authenticity, and hence permanently deprive valuable monuments of their assets, thus questioning the very sense of initiating and conducting conservation. Respectfully yours Marcin Gawlicki Director of the National Heritage Board of Poland

13

Szanowni Państwo!

100%

Rulewicz J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2005

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issue 4

3-4

EN

It is our great pleasure to invite you to become acquainted with the contents of the most recent issue of “Ochrona Zabytków”. We trust that the presented topics will not only meet with your interest but also provide essential information, enhance existing knowledge, assist in further work, inspire new research or encourage you to share your professional experiences. As in the previous issues of our quarterly we aim at rendering the range of the discussed questions as varied as possible, so as to enable you to find themes corresponding to your interests. It is the joint ambition of the publishers and our authors to propose an array of topics capable of attracting the attention of readers representing various scientific disciplines and involved in serving a common objective – the protection of historical monuments. Prominent place is assigned to the variegated problems of conservation, i. a. of architecture, paintings or necropolises. The first topic is examined in greater detail in texts about the classical monuments of Rome and the methods of protecting and displaying historical ruins. We would also like to recommend the study on paintings by Xawery Dunikowski, renowned predominantly for his sculptures, and an article on the conservation of the Central Cemetery in Szczecin. The part dealing with the non-material heritage delves into the culturalcivilisational aspects of the development of the identity of Gdaƒsk, the section on archaeology contains material about excavations conducted in Nidzica, and texts on technology include an article on videoendoscopy, a novel method facilitating the protection of historical timber. It is our sincere hope that you will find our offer enjoyable. Respectfully yours, Jacek Rulewicz Director of the National Centre for Historical Monument Studies and Documentation

14

Szanowni Państwo!

100%

Rulewicz J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2004

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issue 3-4

5-6

EN

The interest encountered by “Ochrona Zabytków” testifies to the necessity of our publication and confirms its assigned role. Together with the authors we make all possible efforts to meet the requirements of our readers and maintain a high level of the publication (contents and editing). It is our intention to present varied problems which may interest readers representing assorted specialisations and non-professionals. The articles proposed in this issue deal with a wide gamut of topics. We discuss, i. a. the protection of historical towns at a time of the ongoing systemic transformation and the protection of Iraqi cultural heritage by the Polish stabilisation mission. The latter question appears to be particularly topical in the context of the universally available recent publications on the subject. Other texts concern the history of Warsaw monuments, Christian cemeteries in the Bieszczady Mts., and the adaptation of former defensive systems and objects for the purposes of contemporary tourism. Furthermore, we have introduced a new section on “Non-material heritage”, in which we plan to discuss the protection of old names, customs and tradition – the other monuments of our culture and tradition. Their non-material nature renders them even more susceptible to damage and oblivion, becoming the prime reason for their protection and preservation for future generations. The protection of non-material heritage is discussed in articles about urban names, the history of Łódź, and folk traditions in the life of of the residents of Poznań. We sincerely hope that the new section will meet with the approval of our readers and potential authors. Finally, we renew our constant appeal for texts from all those whose work serves the preservation of our cultural legacy: may “Ochrona Zabytków” act as a periodical of all those concerned with Polish culture, art and cultural heritage. Respectfully yours, Jacek Rulewicz Director of the National Centre for Historical Monument Studies and Documentation

15

Drodzy Czytelnicy!

100%

Gawlicki M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2007

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issue 1

3-4

EN

The cover of this issue of ”Ochrona Zabytków” features the characteristic logo of the National Heritage Board of Poland, which this year has taken over numerous new tasks associated with a widely comprehended protection of the Polish cultural heritage and its promotion. In this symbolic manner, we wish to inaugurate a next stage in the history of our publication, of considerable importance and merit for the conservation milieu. It is our intention to endow ”Ochrona Zabytków” with an appearance that which would enable it to become a veritable forum for a wide exchange of ideas and experiences, to present assorted conservation problems and threats facing cultural space, to discuss successful realisations and professional criticism of inopportune practices, and to become a source of information about current events involving the protection of historical monuments. We are determined to improve the scientific rank of ”Ochrona Zabytków” by obtaining the highest possible point in the assessment of scientific institutions. All our articles will be subjected to scholarly reviews, as has been the case already in this issue. Well aware of the fact that some of the presented opinions could provoke a wider exchange of views, we would like to feature this form of communication. More, we wish to initiate a discussion concerning crucial topics related to the system of principles entailing the protection of historical monuments and care for cultural heritage. Since we shall not realise the presented plan by ourselves we appeal to the entire conservation environment for joining work on the contents of our periodical: articles, polemics, assessments and information. We anticipate extensive cooperation with conservation services, voivodeship conservators of historical monuments, the staff of the voivodeship offices for the protection of monuments, and self-government conservators. We foresee ”Ochrona Zabytków” as a joint accomplishment. We also hope to attract scientific milieus associated with the protection of historical monuments, and to present newest trends and achievements in this particular domain without forgetting the practical aspects of conservation represented by numerous disciplines and specialisations. We are open to cooperation with assorted NGOs, in particular the ICOMOS Polish National Committee, the Association of Historical Monument Conservators, the ICOM Polish National Committee as well as the Association of Polish Architects and the Society of Polish Town Planners. We count on joining forces for the sake of a more effective protection of our joint cultural heritage. Furthermore, we remain open to presentations of foreign experiences and shall try to cooperate with friends abroad. The form of our periodical will to a large measure depend on the activity of the readers. The National Heritage Board of Poland – publishers, editorial board and editors – will do its best to guarantee the highest possible scientific and editorial level of ”Ochrona Zabytków” and to avoid delays. We look forward to your cooperation and assistance. Respectfully yours Marcin Gawlicki Director of the National Heritage Board of Poland

16

Szanowni Państwo!

100%

Rulewicz J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2006

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issue 4

3-4

EN

Conservation ethics is based on responsibility for the past and respect for the original substance of the historical monument, i. e. the essence of authenticity decisive for its value. It determines activity intent on examining the history of given monuments, their state of preservation, and decisions made about the trend of assorted conservation undertakings. Reaching the original substance of the monument remains a source of immeasurable satisfaction, as evidenced by the discoveries made in the church of St. Ursula and Eleven Thousand Virgins in Stroƒsko, presented in this issue of our periodical. Pertinent examination disclosed earlier unknown elements of the Romanesque solid of the church as well as its interior and outfitting, making it possible to establish the chronology of particular stages of development. Similar emotions are experienced by researchers attempting to recreate former townplanning premises – the work of outstanding architects, such as David Gilly in Dobrzany. The requirement to show consideration for the authenticity of the substance does not gratify either the authors or the conservators of contemporary works of art. Representatives of both groups deliberate on methods of protecting the original conception, expression and message of a given work, as well as the artist's intention, enclosed in frequently ephemeral matter. The article on authenticity in contemporary art proposes a solution to numerous questions. Our other publications recollect the crafts, indubitably more enduring than certain examples of contemporary art but equally prone to destruction especially if, as in the case of the cast and wrought iron decorations by Roman Szewczykowski, they remain scattered and doomed to oblivion. Inevitable transformations affect also the cultural landscape around us. In the environs of Zielona Góra it was granted a specific ambience by the local vineyards, whose inseparable elements assumed the form of vineyard cottages (Weinbergshäuschen). Only several monuments have survived out of a total of 697 standing in 1865. We also recommend two articles on the legal situation of historical monuments in Poland and along the state frontier. Respectfully Jacek Rulewicz Director of the National Centre for Historical Monument Studies and Documentation

17

Szanowni Czytelnicy!

100%

Gawlicki M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2007

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issue 3

3-4

EN

This successive issue of “Ochrona Zabytków” starts with information about the annual celebrations of the International Monuments Protection Day. The events were organised by the National Heritage Board of Poland at the Monastic Complex of the Congregation of St. Philip Neri on Święta Góra in Gostyń, which this year the President of the Republic of Poland included onto List of Monuments of History. The ceremonies were accompanied by a scientific session on fundamental problems connected with the definition of a historical monument and an excellent concert. The unforgettable ambience of all the events, which attracted numerous participants, was due to the hosts’ involvement in the preparations and cordial welcome. At this point, in the name of all those attending the meeting on Święta Góra, I wish to express my profound gratitude to Rev. Zbigniew Starczewski, Procurator of the Congregation of the St. Philip Neri Oratorium in Poland. Reminiscences of the beauty of the church, the appeal of the monastic buildings and the hospitality of the Congregation members will be long cherished in the hearts of Polish conservators. Among the numerous interesting articles presented in this issue of “Ochrona Zabytków” we particularly recommend a text on contemporary electronic memory carriers, which leads to further reflections about the urgent necessity of devising cohesive principles and methods of conservation and the protection of information recorded in this manner. This postulate is of particular relevance today, in an era of a dynamic progress of digital media. Neglect in this domain can cause an irreversible loss of the register of numerous invaluable information, images and events associated with the most important stages in the development of contemporary art. On the other hand, an article on the development of traditional forms of recording information about historical parks and gardens refers to history. The text in question attempts to sum up heretofore experiences and achievements in the documentation of the properties and current state of the protection of valuable areas of composed vegetation. At the same time, we sincerely hope that it will become an additional justification for the much more extensive undertaking planned by the National Heritage Board of Poland, whose intention is to supplement the still numerous gaps in domestic registers of historical garden and residential premises. I would like to invite our readers to become acquainted with other presentations and permanent sections, and remind future authors that ”Ochrona Zabytków” has received four points in the parametrical assessment of scientific units conducted by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education. Respectfully yours Marcin Gawlicki Director of the National Heritage Board of Poland

18

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100%

Rulewicz J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2003

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issue 1-2

3-4

EN

It gives us great pleasure to present an issue of “Ochrona Zabytków” prepared by a new editorial board, and reviewed and approved by an equally new Editorial Council composed of outstanding specialists – members of various professions associated with a broadly comprehended protection of historical monuments, and representatives of numerous research milieus actively participating in the scientific life of our country. Our quarterly contains articles proposing diverse views about conservation and many other problems related to the protection of, and care for historical monuments. “Ochrona Zabytków” is to comprise a forum for publications and discussions involving the widest conservation circles. We wish to include descriptions of conservation, restoration and revitalisation undertakings concerning concrete historical objects – from individual works of art to parks, cemeteries, villages and whole towns; we also plan to consider all the aspects – legal, material, technological, aesthetic, etc. – of the protection of historical monuments as well as their administration and utilisation. In accordance with a tradition cultivated by “Ochrona Zabytków” we would like to invite representatives of the conservation services, conservators, practicians and theoreticians, the custodians and users of historical monuments, both state and self -government as well as private owners, to cooperate with us. It is our intention to outline as comprehensively as possible the work performed in Poland within the range of our vast interests and within the context of the obstacles and achievements in other countries; we also aim to indicate the positive effects of different ventures, especially those which can be regarded as exemplary. We are counting on the fact that our authors will enable their readers – professionals and lovers of historical monuments, interested in their fate – to enrich their knowledge; hopefully, in “Ochrona Zabytków” they shall discover ample information on assorted accomplishments. We wholeheartedly recommend both this issue and the forthcoming ones. Jacek Rulewicz Director of the National Centre for Historical Monument Studies and Documentation

19

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100%

Rulewicz J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2006

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issue 3

3-4

EN

This issue of “Ochrona Zabytków” presents little-known historical monuments which due to their artistic merits and the conservation efforts devoted to restoring their former splendour, deserve our utmost attention. The objects in question include the sanatorium in Trzebiechów, today a veritable pearl of the Art Nouveau style in the region of Lubusz. The interior design and outfitting of this monument are to a considerable degree the work of Henry van de Velde, an outstanding Belgian artist from the early twentieth century. The discoveries made in the course of research and conservation show unambiguously that the preserved colours of the interiors grant the Trzebiechów sanatorium a high rank among the cultural accomplishments of Poland and the Continent. The at first glance modest wooden parish church in Boguszyce (Mazovia) conceals Renaissance painted decorations recognised as unique both in Poland and abroad. At the end of the twentieth century, this valuable monument was in an outright catastrophic state. The first conservation of the polychrome was carried out during the 1950s, and the second half of the 1990s witnessed the inauguration of a complex conservation of the object and the paintings, to be completed this year. Numerous sacral objects in Poland await conservation and protection against such hazards as fire and burglary. This serious problem, the object of concern for the environment associated with the protection of historical monuments, is reflected in the current issue of our periodical. The conservation of Aborigine paintings on bark might seem to be an exotic topic. Meanwhile, these special and fragile works of art are featured in numerous European museums, including Polish galleries. Information about the way in which conservators from the National Gallery in Canberra deal with assorted problems might prove to be a source of valuable directives. You will also find articles about results of the research on the origin of the marble from the sarcophagus of King Władysław Jagiełło in the cathedral on Wawel Hill, new facts from the history of the Department of Architecture at Warsaw Polytechnic, and helpful hints on how to seek information about the patrons of Warsaw streets. We hope that you will not only enjoy the newest texts but also share your professional successes and problems with other readers of “Ochrona Zabytków”. Respectfully yours, Jacek Rulewicz Director of the National Centre for Historical Monument Studies and Documentation

20

Szanowni Czytelnicy „Ochrony Zabytków”!

63%

Siwek A.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2021

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issue 1

3-8

EN

We present you the next issue of our magazine – no. 1/2021. We hope it will be well received and at the same time be a symptom of normality in these troubled times. We constantly live under the pressure of a pandemic threat that takes a step back, only to come back a moment later. The threat determines changes, also in the sphere of protection of cultural property. The forms of attending events or communicating with each other are changing. Words like webinar, streaming, or the names of communicators that allow for remote conferences and meetings are entering everyday language. The computer has become a “window on the world,” in a new understanding – as a “meeting window.” The fact that the most important international meetings are held remotely is a measure of civilization and cultural changes. This was the case, for example, during the session of the Intergovernmental Com¬mittee on Intangible Cultural Heritage, which, during an on-line meeting held from 14 to 19 December 2020, decided on new inscriptions on three international lists created under the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. We are satisfied to note that the “Beekeeping Culture” was inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity as a joint inscription of Poland and Belarus. At a time when health issues are a great concern for societies, honey and traditional beekeep¬ing culture seem to be particularly current topics. A session of the World Heritage Committee was also held remotely. The meeting was hosted by China. Formally by the city of Fuzhou, but actually a global remote communication network. It was an unusual meeting in that it was postponed. The 44th session of the World Heritage Committee, the intergovernmental body of the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, took place from July 16 to 31, 2021, filling the gap caused by last year’s lockdown. From the Polish perspective this was not an easy session. We have succeeded in the area of natural goods. Bieszczady forests have been included in the extension of the serial nomination “Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe.” It is worth mentioning that this is the third extension of the nomination initiated in 2007 by Slovakia and Ukraine. The beech forests of the Bieszczady National Park are among the 94 areas that currently form the property located on the territory of 18 countries. The evolution of the inscription illustrates the con¬cept of building the World Heritage List as a platform for international cooperation. During this year’s session of the World Heritage Committee, Polish specialists in cultural heritage had less reasons to celebrate than naturalists. While the chances for the Gdańsk Shipyard, as the birthplace of “Solidarity” and a site of globally significant historical trans-formation, to be inscribed on the World Heritage List have not been definitively ruled out, the postponement of the decision has disappointed Polish hopes. Out of chronicle duty, let us also note that another port city – Liverpool – was removed from the List due to waterfront developments changing the character of the place. This is a serious warning to all hosts of World Heritage properties who are struggling with excessive investment pressures. Remaining in the circle of UNESCO inspirations, let us add that in 2021 the 50th anniversary of the reconstruction of the Royal Castle in Warsaw – the last stage of the reconstruction of Warsaw and its society (1971) – is celebrated under the auspices of this organization. UNESCO’s Anniversary List is updated every two years. UNESCO Member States nominate anniversaries of events “of undisputed global or at least regional significance whose legacy is related to the ideas of dialogue among cultures, international understanding and cooperation, and peace, as promoted by UNESCO.”1 Undoubtedly, the reconstruction of the Warsaw Castle and its restoration to culture has a universal dimension as a symbol of overcoming the barbarity of war and concern for cultural heritage. Moving from global to local issues, we can also point to an anniversary that has passed unnoticed and is related to the mission and tradition of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage. Thirty years ago, Regional Centres for the Study and Protection of the Cultural Environment (ROSiOŚK) were established, which in time evolved into Regional Offices of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage. The centres started their work on the basis of the Decree of the Minister of Culture and Art No. 6/91 from 1 July 1991, according to which Marek Konopka, the then director of the Monuments Documentation Centre in Warsaw, launched the organizational mechanisms of field units. From today’s perspective, when the issues of recognition, valuation and categorization of the historic resource are still current topics of research and discussion, it is worth mentioning the initiative that aimed to optimize the scientific, interdisciplinary recognition of cultural heritage in the regions. We send commemorative congratulations to all co-founders and employees of ROSiOŚK. Especially that the participants of the events of 1991 are still active in the structures of Regional Offices of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage, although few in number. We would like their experience to be passed on to future generations, who are to continue the mission of protecting cultural property in Poland. Also, in the spirit of continuation, this time of publishing traditions, we encourage you to read our magazine. As always, the issue includes a large variety of topics. Piotr Kilanowski eruditely presents the figures of Józef Napoleon Czerwiński and Wacław Heppen, discussing their creative profiles, individual activities, and their architectural and construction cooperation in the years 1909-1914. The Ukrainian researcher Vasyl Slobodian focused his attention on the figure of architect Jakiw (Jakub) Rudnycki and his Orthodox church projects. This is an important voice characterizing the common heritage of a borderland of cultures. Next, we present two different dimensions of conservation research. Bogusz Wasik reports on the results of archaeological research in the western zwinger of Malbork castle, and Bartosz Zarębski discusses the results of research on the scale of a single movable monument – a late Gothic panel painting of the Apocalyptic Madonna type from the Bernardine Monastery in Alwernia. Individual works of art, but also their role in the architectural context, are the subject of consideration by Elżbieta Gajewska-Prorok in her article, Stained Glass of the Church of St Christopher in Wrocław. Conservators’ Creation in Dialogue with History. We recommend Jacek Brudnicki’s text on the development of an immovable monument for utility purposes in the light of Article 25 of the Act of 23 July 2003 on the Protection and Guardianship of Monuments to both practitioners and theoreticians of monument protection. The title suggests a casuistic – legal approach to the topic, but the content of the article refers broadly to concrete and practical problems of contemporary monument protection. Anna Mazurek’s reflection on the protection of historic vehicles in the Polish legal system is equally up-to-date. Enjoy your reading, we hope it will be inspiring! Finally, we would like to add that our efforts to be included in the ministerial scoring zone of scientific journals resulted in granting “Ochrona Zabytków” 40 points. We would like to thank everyone who contributed to the scoring! At the same time, we declare that our aspirations are higher and we will continue to make efforts to achieve better scores in this system. We hope that the presented issue of the magazine will confirm our aspirations. Enjoy your reading! On behalf of the Editorial Team of “Ochrona Zabytków” Andrzej Siwek Editor-in-Chief 1 According to the Polish National Commission for UNESCO, https://www.unesco.pl/polskie-rocznice-2020-2021

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