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PL
Wydarzenia roku 1989 odwróciły bieg polskiej historii. Często o tym zapominamy, prowadząc spory, czy mogły one potoczyć się inaczej. Okrągła, dwudziesta rocznica wydarzeń z 1989 roku, ponownie nasiliła dyskurs często nacechowany emocjami i rodowodami politycznymi na temat okrągłostołowych rozmów i wyborów czerwcowych. Ma rację Timothy Garton Ash, pisząc we wstępie do książki Geremek opowiada Żakowski pyta. Rok 1989, iż „Łatwo krytykować kompromis Okrągłego Stołu z bezpiecznej perspektywy dwóch dekad odzyskanej wolności. (…) Innym krajom poszło już łatwiej, bo Polska pokazała im drogę. Przez 200 lat po roku 1789 idea rewolucji kojarzyła się w Europie jednoznacznie z przemocą. Rok 1989 przyniósł nowy model rewolucji, który zastąpił poprzedni, jakobińsko-bolszewicki lat 1789 i 1917. To model pokojowej, negocjacyjnej ewolucyjnej rewolucji. Rzecz naprawdę rzadka – autentycznie nowy wynalazek historii”.
EN
The article begins with the definition and historical characteristics of political and legal compulsory voting. In the following part of the article the analysis of functioning, nature and the range of compulsory voting in the People’s Republic of Poland is being made. The reasons for excluding the debate on the compulsory voting during the Polish Round Table Talks are also enumerated in the article. In its final part, the article presents the rationale of introducing the legal compulsory voting in Poland in 1989.
EN
The Article analyses the history of the Round-table negotiations, still very alive in Poland, from the perspective of political arguments which are dividing historians and the participants of the deliberations till today. Only a few crucial topics of these historical events are covered, with a focus on reasons for which both sides entered into negotiations. Even before the talks ever started it was clear that within the opposition camp serious cleavages will appear. Some of them are present to these days. Polls were used to present the actual state of mind of polish citizens about the negotiations from 20 years ago. The valuation is rather positive, but there are also critical opinions about this bloodless revolution which was the evidence of the process of collapse of the communist system in the whole Central and Eastern Europe.
EN
This article deals with the issue of the most important postulates of the Round Table Agreement: legalization of independent trade unions, the introduction of the office of President, the formation of a Senate. As a result, political power was vested in a bicameral legislature (Sejm and Senat) and in a president. Solidarność became a legal political party. Free election to 35% of the seats in Sejm and a free election to the Senate was assured. The election held on 4 June 1989 brought a total victory to Solidarność (99% seats in Senate and all 35% seats in Sejm) and became the basis for the erection of the Third Polish Republic.
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