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EN
Towards the end of the seventies of the twentieth century American philosopher Matthew Lipman and his colleagues developed a method of philosophical inquiry with children and the youth, which, according to the author, allowed to supply inefficient system of education in the areas of supporting intellectual and social development of children. The Philosophy for Children scheme was aimed to develop critical thinking skills, reasoning, argumentation and dialogue. The idea of philosophizing with children in school has become an inspiration for many educational experiments carried out in various parts of the world. An important part of these experiments is the scheme’s evaluation, the aim of which is to investigate the effectiveness of the method and its impact on intellectual, emotional and social development of children. The article analyzes the 4 selected European researches, concerning the measurement of the impact of philosophical investigations on the development of children cognitive competence. It presents the basic methodological assumptions, the course of study and the results and conclusions of experiments. All of these experiments demonstrate the positive impact of methods to support the intellectual development of children. Despite this, the method is still seen only as an educational experiment and there is not wider application in education. From the analysis of research reports one can conclude that there is a need for in-depth and systematic study of the method of philosophical inquiry in education, inclusion in the study area, not only the effect of the impact of the program on children’s competence but also on the competence of teachers and broadly understood culture of the school.
EN
The article discusses Philosophy for Children (P4C) in the context of understanding emotions. First, we present the origins of Philosophy for Children as a pedagogical method designed to support critical thinking, and its subsequent evolution into a research tool based on psychological interventions. We then show how P4C can be applied in research on children’s understanding of emotions. We argue that not only does P4C serve to build knowledge and improve cognitive abilities, but also promotes understanding of affective phenomena. We show that the benefits of philosophizing about emotions are being observed in increasingly younger children. We point out that P4C has only recently been used for supporting the development of emotion comprehension, and that research using P4C interventions with preschoolers is also a recent development. We believe both of these to result from a change over the recent decades in how the child’s mind is conceptualized in developmental psychology.  
PL
Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje kwestię roli Filozofii dla Dzieci (P4C) w kontekście rozumienia emocji. Najpierw przedstawiamy początek koncepcji Filozofii dla Dzieci, jako metody pedagogicznej wspierającej umiejętność krytycznego myślenia oraz proces, w jakim przekształciła się w narzędzie badawcze rozwijane w postaci interwencji psychologicznych. Następnie pokazujemy, w jaki sposób narzędzie P4C można zastosować w badaniach rozwojowych dotyczących rozumienia emocji przez dzieci. Argumentujemy, że projekt P4C służy nie tylko budowaniu wiedzy i poprawie zdolności poznawczych, ale sprzyja również kształtowaniu rozumienia sfery emocjonalnej. Pokazujemy, że korzyści z filozofowania w domenie emocji są obserwowane u coraz młodszych dzieci. Zaznaczamy przy tym, że P4C dopiero od niedawna jest wykorzystywana w kontekście wspierania rozwoju emocji, a także w ramach interwencji z udziałem dzieci poniżej wieku szkolnego. Pokazujemy, że jest wynikiem zmian w sposobie pojmowania umysłowości dziecka, które nastąpiły w psychologii rozwojowej w ciągu ostatnich kilkudziesięciu lat.
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