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EN
The specific aim of this study is to emphasize the universality of its overall contribution to the renewal of the Church in the realm of pacifism, ecumenism, social teaching of the Church in confrontation with national socialism. The following is the sketch of the fundamentals of his ecclesiology, which are the Kingdom of God - Christ - The Church. In his case it is a Christocentricpneumatological ecclesiology. The author presents the image of the Church as „fraternal community“, which he calls Philadelphia. This vision of the Church seeks to be realized through the community, which plays the role of a small Church in the whole Church (ecclesiola in Ecclesia) and is to be an effective means of its renewal and apostolate in the life of the individual believers and parishes. This renewal supposed to be accomplished through the reigning marks of the Church: unity, holiness, Catholicism and apostolicity, which also represent the spirituality and sacred nature of the order of renewal itself.
EN
The theme of the study is the formation of the political views of Erasmus of Rotterdam under the influence of political events in Europe during the first third of the 16th century. The author traces the line of Erasmus' political writings, in which the idea of pacifism resounds. He describes Erasmus as a convinced supporter of uniting the forces of Christendom in the politically fragmented camp of the European states. Adaptation of the idea of Evangelical pacifism to the real political situation represented especially by the struggle for European hegemony between Charles V and Francis I is shown by Erasmus' correspondence with the European monarchs. The author identifies the motive for change in Erasmus' political views with the Turkish expansion into Central Europe, shown by his writings after 1526 directed towards the situation in Hungary and the problem of defence against the Turks.
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