Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 5

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  PALEODEMOGRAPHY
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1

PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY AND SLAV ETHNOGENESIS (Antropologia fizyczna, archeologia, etnogeneza Slowian)

100%
Dulinicz M.
Archeologia Polski
|
2008
|
vol. 53
|
issue 1
111-134
EN
Recently published works by the Poznan anthropologists J. Piontek (2006) and R. Dabrowski (2007) have provoked archaeologist to join the debate on the potential of anthropological research for studies on the ethnogenesis of the Slavs. As an archaeologist the author finds it of foremost importance that anthropology 'verifies or falsifies hypotheses and theories formulated by other disciplines (of science)', that is, archaeology included. Since the history of different human groups, including the biological diversity of different populations, can be studied based on a differentiated set of skull morphological traits, one cannot but hope for the opportunity to verify the 'allochthonous' theory of Slav origin. Janusz Piontek has written that 'the archaeologists' visions of the process of Slav ethnogenesis are but one of several propositions competing with ideas either suggested or put forward by representatives of various other disciplines of general anthropology'. Assuming the same concerns physical anthropology, one should ask a number of questions and voice certain doubts formed after a careful perusal of the works of the above mentioned scholars. Results presented by J. Piontek are inspiring, but leave the field open to further questions. Why the small biological distance between people buried in the 13th century in Norwegian Bergen and those laid to rest in graves in Kolobrzeg from the 14th through the 18th century? Why is the 'Cedynia II' population closer to the 'Przeworsk culture' group than to 'Cedynia I' population, which comprises a series of skulls from an adjacent part of the same cemetery? Is it not because the comparison is partly based on the 'Przeworsk culture series' consisting of just nine skulls? Why is the 'Cherniakhov culture' population so similar to the 'Konskie' group, that is, individuals buried in inhumation graves of the 10th and 11th century in central Poland? The two populations are separated not only by thousands of kilometers, but also by six or seven hundred years in time! The reservations formulated above justify a basic question: is the method applied by J. Piontek actually capable of demonstrating real genetic ties between populations or is the effect of this proceeding merely a determination of morphological resemblance without the possibility of explaining the reasons behind it? The method presented by J. Piontek and R. Dabrowski demonstrate a big potential in studies of prehistoric populations. The determinations of both researchers, well grounded in anthropological material, are their important contribution to a discussion of the biological picture of Polish territories in the past. Nonetheless, a prerequisite of this kind of research is a close association between the physical anthropologist and archaeologist. Otherwise, it leads to interesting results, but worse than potentially possible. The hazards are well reflected by R. Dabrowski's study, where no such collaboration can be observed. Moreover, the limitations in the application of the demographic method to investigations of fossil sources, discussed several years back by E. Piasecki (1990), should also become a field of discussion for archaeologists, anthropologists and demography experts alike.
2

SEMINAR ON ETHNOGENESIS OF THE SLAVS - DISCUSSION (Seminarium na temat etnogenezy Slowian -dyskusja)

100%
Kobylinska U.
Archeologia Polski
|
2008
|
vol. 53
|
issue 1
97-99
EN
During the discussion at the seminar Professor Witold Hensel indicated the need to consider the ethnogenesis of the Slavs in a context that in the age of Europe's unification it would be not just European, but primarily worldwide. He emphasized the common cultural roots of the European peoples and expressed the opinion that in such discussions ignoring the non-European roots of the Slavs and placing too little importance to the common Indo-European origins of various peoples is a major omission. He also said that the question of historical sources on the Venetians is seldom discussed. Another point made during the discussion was the size of the original area from which the Slavs came in a paleodemographic context; considering the later numbers of Slavs, it is impossible for them to have come from a small territory (Lech Leciejewicz, Stanislaw Tabaczynski), the paleoecological context was also emphasized, the agrarian character of Slav economy excluding the possibility of their original homeland being located in an area not supporting agriculture (Marek Dulinicz). 1 Figure.
3

SLAV ETHNOGENESIS: FROM MYTHS TO FACTS (Etnogeneza Slowian: od mitów ku faktom)

88%
Piontek J.
Archeologia Polski
|
2009
|
vol. 54
|
issue 1
121-147
EN
The text addresses a critical analysis of J. Piontek's and R. Dabrowski's anthropological research on the ethnogenesis of the Slavs published by M. Dulinicz. The discussion would have been more interesting had Dulinicz confronted the determinations of physical anthropology with those of archaeology, Dulinicz's text is almost entirely devoted to a reinterpretation of results presented in the said anthropological studies, the author assuming that his 'own idea' of methods of investigating human biological variability will demonstrate the flaws of the presented approaches and support a 'proper' interpretation of the results of anthropological research. He failed to achieve this objective. Dulinicz acquainted himself with a number of works by J. Piontek and R. Dabrowski, developing in effect the conviction that he has understood in full the determinations of anthropologists in the field of interest to him. It is a wonder why certain archaeologists do not reach for studies referring to Slav ethnogenesis prepared within the framework of different natural science research programs. In Piontek and Dabrowski considerations, they concluded that no anthropological research to date has confirmed the theories of archaeologists about a discontinuity in the settlement of regions in the basins of the Oder and Vistula. This conclusion has not changed with the accretion of new source data. In fact, new analyses have increasingly supported the earlier findings. The anthropological research discussed by Dulinicz in his polemic concerned paleodemographic and morphological issues.In reference to these paleodemographic studies, Dulinicz rejected the arguments presented in J. Piontek's works as irrelevant, stating that they do not refute in any way whatsoever the theory about Slav origins popularized in Poland by a group of archaeologists. The backbone of the theory referred to nowadays as the 'allochthonous idea', has never been proved satisfactorily. Every hypothesis is grounded in a core statement, in this case a theory of demographic transformation. In the case of the allochthonous theory, the core statement admits the possibility of a sudden population growth among the Slavs. Unfortunately, no convincing data on the biological possibility of 'violent expansion' of the Slav population has appeared to date. With regard to morphological research, Dulinicz criticized solely the results of biological distance studies, subjecting the matrices of these distances to a new interpretation. Meanwhile, in the works in question, methods evaluating biological distance (Mahalanobis D2 distance and the Euclidean square distance) were applied in combination with multidimensional scaling of the matrices of biological distance and the principal component analysis (PCA), which seem to have escaped Dulinicz's attention entirely. Concluding, the author of the polemic used in his deliberations only a small part of the results presented by J. Piontek and R. Dabrowski.
4

ANTROPOLOGICKÁ ANALÝZA POHREBISKA NITRIANSKEJ KULTÚRY ZO ZOHORA, OKR. MALACKY

75%
Šefčáková A.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2014
|
vol. 62
|
issue 2
293 – 314
EN
19 individuals (10 non-adults and 8 adults – including four women, three men, one adult and one unspecified individual) were identified during the analysis of 23 graves. Most of them, nine skeletal remains belonged to children aged 0.6 – 15 years and eight to older adults aged 30 – 59 years. Women died younger than men and all adults are older than 30 years. Their skulls appear to be long to very long, and narrow to very narrow, while they are similar to the Early Bronze Age skulls from other sites. Five women and a man have moderately robust arm bones, robust radii and moderately robust femora. According to the height calculated for six adults, they were all, except two women, tall. Cribra orbitalia occurred in three non-adult individuals. One child had injured skull, another one had deformed the left elbow joint and shortened the right femur. An increased number of dental caries (at least four) occurred in seven adult individuals. Even on the skulls of two adults, there were visible injuries. Other abnormalities or pathological changes occur only sporadically.
5

ANTROPOLOGICKÁ, PALEODEMOGRAFICKÁ A PALEOPATOLOGICKÁ ANALÝZA HISTORICKEJ POPULÁCIE Z HRADU DEVÍN

63%
Beňuš R., Masnicová S.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2012
|
vol. 60
|
issue 1
119 – 156
EN
210 individuals from the 11th – 12th century were analysed, 81 individuals were younger than 20 years, with medium life expectancy determined at 22.0 years, sex was determined in 124 cases (57 men, 67 women). According to anthropometrical characteristics the individuals of both sexes were mesocephalic, body height reaching 167.4 cm for men and 160.4 for women. Of paleopathological lesions, traumatic and developmental lesions were observed, manifestations of physical stress, metabolic diseases (osteoporosis), diseases of teeth and periodontium, neoplastic lesions and manifestations of unspecific stress (cribra orbitalia, hypoplasia of tooth enamel, inflammatory changes in paranasal sinuses). All in all, in case of 25.2   % of individuals at least one traumatic lesion was found. Most numerous occurrences included Schmorl´s nodes, fractures of ribs and ferearm bones. Manifestations of interpersonal violence were found only in the case of 8 men. Women had 19.5 % of impression fractures on skull. Based on the analysis of degenerative-productive lesions (osteoarthrosis, spondylosis), enthezopathiae and traumatic lesions, men from this site were involved mainly in agriculture, though there were also craftsmen and soldiers. Women were engaged in heavy manual work in agriculture and domestic works. Condition of teeth, characterised by the intensity of cariosity (I-CE of men 21.7 %; women 30.7 %) and frequency of cariosity (F-CE of men 84.3 %; women 97.5 %), is not markedly different from populations of similar dating in central Europe. Of paleopathological markers of unspecific stress, there were observed cribra orbitalia (25.8 % in the whole population; 28.3 % in non-adult individuals), hypoplasia of tooth enamel (27.5 % in adult population; 11.4 % in non-adult indivi¬duals), and inflammatory processes in paranasal sinuses (14.3 % of population). As for the developmental defects, there was most frequent occurrence of spina bifida occulta (23.9 %), and in one individual the congenital luxation in hip joint. Tumour diseases were most often represented by benign (“button”) osteoma found in six individuals. In case of one adult woman lesions were identified on the left pelvic bone, probably caused by carcinoid of endocrine cells in large intestine. Five women had significantly decreased values of the amount of cortical as well as trabecular bone, and one of them displayed values of marked osteoporosis.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.