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Pascala rozumienie bytowej niedoskonałości człowieka

100%
Roszkowski S.
Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej
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2013
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vol. 14
127=-139
EN
This article discusses Pascal’s understanding of the human being as an entity which has been deeply contaminated by original sin. The extreme imperfection of the human nature is an inborn state which man is unable to change. The only thing a human being can do in this situation is struggle with his own nature and try to get closer to God, hoping that God’s loving-kindness will save him despite his sinful nature. Pascal does not attempt to explain how it is possible that man is at the same time a reflection of God and an entity so deeply contaminated by sin – he treats this phenomenon as the basicontradiction of human nature. However, in consequence, his starting point is different, i.e. it is the contamination with original sin, the misery of human existence and the uncertainty of being that make humans seek God and attempt to live in accordance with God’s rules.
2
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Sceptycyzm Pascala

100%
Lubańska S.
Filo-Sofija
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2012
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vol. 12
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issue 2(17)
75-82
EN
Some of Pascal’s statements, like le „pyrronisme est le vrai”, suggest that he should be counted among sceptics, even though this claim seems to contradict the general appeal of his thought. Indeed, Pascal is known as a philosopher who desperately sought truth to finally find certainty in mystical experience. He did not deny that the human reason may have a chance to attain wisdom knowledge, provided that reason would not try to reach beyond its natural limits. Nevertheless, a kind of skepticism is certainly present in his philosophy. Its nature needs clarification, which is the aim of this paper. Drawing on a distinction made by I. Dąmbska between theoretical and normative scepticism, the author introduces the notion of existential skepticism, which most adequately renders Pascal’s view on the inability of reason to grasp by its own power the very nature of human condition.
3

ON LAW AND JUSTICE IN AN EXTRA-LOCAL SENSE (PASCAL AND LEVINAS)

100%
Kowalska M.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
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2008
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vol. 6
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issue 2-3(20)
403-413
EN
In this paper, Pascal's and Levinas' reflection about justice is juxtaposed. Both authors share the conviction that justice is not reducible to any established legal order. For the latter is always local and particular. Justice in an extra-local sense, so-called true justice, transcends the existing order and legally binding laws. According to Levinas, questioning or even destroying the subjectively unjust order in the name of 'metaphysical desire' can serve to limit, but not to eliminate injustice. Pascal is however inclined to claim that the notion of justice has no positive content, therefore it is right and really rational to 'delude people' by not rejecting the existing order but by inculcating the belief that the status quo is just. Yet at the same time, Pascal will talk about the very rare and uncertain, extra-rational intuition of justice given to chosen ones in the act of unearned grace of God.
4
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Blaise’a Pascala dramatyczne myślenie o człowieku

88%
Siemianowski A.
Filo-Sofija
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2009
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vol. 9
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issue 9
31-56
EN
This article is an attempt to reconstruct Pascal’s thinking about a man based on his main work Thoughts. The author underlines the connection between Pascal’s search and his life; therefore, first of all, he sketches his life and his personality. Next, he describes his anthropological beliefs about misery and the grandeur man. The man who ‘is making eternal choice of oneself before God’ is in the centre of Pascal’s inquiry. In science, especially in physics and mathematics, Pascal was a discoverer, but in philosophy he was an inspiring thinker. He did not create the scientific system or the uniform philosophical doctrine as Descartes, but above all, he sought truth about the own existential situation.
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