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IN SEARCH OF DETERMINANTS OF TIME-DISCOUNTING IN MONETARY CHOICES: PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS MATTER ONLY A LITTLE

100%
Vargová L., Adamkovič M.
Studia Psychologica
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2022
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vol. 64
|
issue 3
313 – 328
EN
Time-discounting in monetary choices is determined by aspects related to the reward, contextual factors and characteristics of a person. In the present study, we used three datasets (Ndata1 = 419; Ndata2 = 485; Ndata3= 240) to examine how well personal characteristics (sociodemographic, financial situation, self-control, cognitive abilities, negative experiencing, and trustfulness) predict time-discounting in both hypothetical and real reward scenarios. The results of the regression analyses indicate that the characteristics of a person only explain a small proportion of the variance in time-discounting (R2 ranged from .10 to .19). The only substantive predictors of time-discounting in monetary choices were financial literacy and the general tendency to delay gratification. We conclude that there remains much work to be done in explaining what determines time-discounting. However, shifting the focus from personal characteristics to the characteristics of reward and contextual factors could be of interest.
2

PERCEPCIA ZÁŤAŽE V ASOCIÁCIÍ S VYBRANÝMI OSOBNOSTNÝMI CHARAKTERISTIKAMI U ŠKOLSKÝCH DETÍ

88%
Krajčová D., Vondrová D., Hirošová k., Samohýl M., Ševčíková Ľ.
Sociálno-zdravotnícke spektrum
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2016
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vol. 4
|
issue 1
-
EN
Children sensitively reflect the effect of various stress factors. One of the major stressor for school-aged children is school environment. Some personal characteristics, such as anxiety and neuroticism increase the risk of coping stressful situations associated with educational process and may lead to the development of severe mental health disorders. The goal of the study was to determine if children with high score of anxiety and neuroticism are more stressed with demanding school work in association with self-reported perception of stress and psychic discomfort and their school success. The study consisted of 87 primary school pupils aged 9-12 years. Behavioural and psychosocial determinants were assessed by questionnaire method. Personal characteristics were evaluated by specialized psycho-diagnostic tests (B-J.E.P.I., KSAT, IQ test – Colored progressive matrices, Questionnaire of subjective feelings and states). The mean values of personal characteristics exceeded the norm in the parameter of neuroticism. Comparing the genders boys showed significantly higher score of extraversion and girls tented to be more anxious and had significantly better school success. Almost 60% of children reported high mental load and psychic discomfort. Children with high self-reported perception of stress and psychic discomfort showed significantly high score of neuroticism and the same trend in parameter of anxiety. The total rate of anxiety was high positively correlated with the score of neuroticism. Our results confirmed the importance of the detection of anxiety and neuroticism in schoolchildren which worsen subjective perception of load and psychic discomfort. Monitoring of mental health status is important not only for coping school load, but also for prevention of severe mental disorders.
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