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EN
This study presents an attempt to approach the personality characteristics of the adolescents and adults with Williams syndrome and those with Down syndrome from the perspective of the Big Five personality dimensions. The parents of 22 individuals with Williams syndrome (age range 14 to 37 years) and 22 individuals with Down syndrome (age range 14 to 38 years) as well as the parents of those from two chronological age- and gender-matched control groups from a nonclinical population completed the FFI-MH questionnaire (author I. Ruisel). The results showed lower openness to the experience in both the Williams syndrome and the Down syndrome groups than in their control groups. The Williams syndrome group was assessed higher on extroversion and neuroticism and lower on conscientiousness than its control group as well as the Down syndrome group. The agreeableness did not differ across groups. The data are discussed within the framework of the results from the previous research.
EN
The study concentrates on the quantitative and qualitative (content) analysis of counterfactual thinking (CT) in adult women (doctors - pediatricians - n = 25, mean age 35.8; nurses - n = 88, mean age 33.2 years) in the context of selected personality characteristics and ways of (effective) coping with difficult situations in everyday life. CT is studied with the method based on a standardized interview (10 questions), selected personality characteristics with the STPI questionnaire (Spielberger), and coping characteristics with LOQ (Antonovsky) and SM (Pearlin, Schooler) questionnaires. Our findings indicate a lower occurrence of CT associated with higher effectiveness of coping with difficult situations, with higher self-mastery and/or lower anxiety level. The qualitative analysis of demanding situations associated with CT indicates rather their non-specificity.
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