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EN
Although until the late 60's Jean-Paul Sartre enjoyed the reputation of a 'total intellectual', his authority was often challenged. As it happened, he was in permanently conflict with nearly everyone who had formerly been his ally. For a long time, however, Sartre managed to choose the battle ground and the arms that were used in the confrontations. This situation changed when in 1966 Michel Foucault published 'The order of things'. All of a sudden it looked like Michel Foucault could eclipse the aging master. But pushing Sartre to the sidelines was not an easy task, as Foucault shortly discovered. In the first place, it was not his intention to diminish Sartre's authority. Secondly, Foucault quickly realized that he was not engaging himself in a direct polemic with Sartre as a philosopher, but he was opposing Sartre as an intellectual institution. This implied for Foucault that he had to seek some reconciliation with Sartre as a philosopher in order to oppose his more effectively as an institution. He noticed that a head-on opposition to Sartre would force him to enter in the debate on terms dictated by Sartre. So a subtle shift of themes and employment of new methods of argument were a better strategy for Foucault. He used it and tried to avoid a direct confrontation.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2021
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vol. 76
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issue 5
351 – 363
EN
The article focuses on the work of a Swiss zoologist and professor of University of Basel Adolf Portmann (1897 – 1982) which became especially influential among Czech natural philosophers. Portmann was studying an aesthetical dimension of living creatures, which he conceived not as an epiphenomenon of physiological and biological processes, but as a very subject of knowledge. He postulated that “self-expression of inwardness” (Selbstdarstellung der Innerlichkeit) is the integral part of everything living and manifests itself through display (eigentliche Erscheinung). This article aims to present a more complex picture of the thinker and his significance in the Czech philosophical environment to a Slovak reader.
EN
In the antiquity two components entered the concept of philosophy: intellectual investigation of the ultimate reality and application of the ensuing findings in the life of a philosopher who had determined in his mind what the ultimate nature of the world is like. Unlike most students of history of philosophy the present author focuses on the second problem. When commenting on the unusual life style of Greek thinkers he uses the term that was originally applied by the Athenians to the peculiar and erratic behaviour of Socrates. A strangeness of this kind could be manifested in a philosopher's contacts with other philosophers or between any one of them and the ruler. In each case bizarre behaviour inspired popular suspicion, invited disfavour from the ruler and occasioned numerous squabbles among the philosophers themselves. Such clashes did not necessarily prove that the oddly behaving philosopher was in the wrong, while his society was in the right. But the conflict of standards could occasionally lead to the establishing of a reputation of a divine inspiration that presumably had affected the mind of a man of unorthodox ways.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2013
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vol. 68
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issue 9
790 -799
EN
The importance of philosophical contribution of Byzantium has been strengthened after the World War II by V. Tatakis, professor of philosophy at the Aristotle University in Tessaloniki, Greece. His book La Philosophie Byzantine published in Paris in 1949 is considered a pioneer work in the field. It was also the first general introduction to Byzantine philosophy to appear. It brought the term “Byzantine philosophy” into academic field and was the first systematic work on Byzantine philosophy; it was a significant landmark from the international perspective of the later study of Byzantine philosophy. Before Tatakis’ book was published, neither Western, nor Greek historiography acknowledged the existence of the philosophical thinking in the East Roman (Byzantine) Empire, which lasted 11 centuries. The term “Byzantine philosophy” was officially introduced in 1975 as a name for the international research and study. The Byzantine philosophy is not explored sufficiently in Slovakia. This article wants to contribute to the study of Byzantine philosophy in Slovak academic milieu.
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