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EN
AThe article offers an interpretation of Rousseau's 'Emile' as an account of a social situation in which man can be recovered from alienation and live according to his nature; the other three situations are: the republic, a small community outside society, and solitude. Rousseau's Emile lives in a society but he keeps distance from its members; indeed, he lives on the margin of the community. Being a stranger in the Simmelian sense, he shares with members of the society everything that is common to human beings with the exception of what makes them members of the community. Emile is then alien to them but he is not alienated, for it is him, not them, who lives according to human nature. Rousseau claims that Emile could live in each of the other situations. However, as it is argued in the paper, if Emile wants to live only in freely chosen social situations, he must live in solitude, for which he is in fact best suited.
EN
Le Maitre de Claville belongs to the tradition of classicist moralism and attempts to fulfill the difficult task of portraying the honorable man, 'honnete hommme'. Trying to define the concept of virtue, he refers to his own aesthetic taste, subjective emotions of happiness, the ecstasy and bliss which come from the experience of beauty. With much liberty, he includes in his account of the honorable man what he himself considers most perfect from antiquity, the Bible and the most recent philosophical developments of his time (i.e. from rationalism). A coherent mixture of those elements is not easy. His deliberations show a moralist's effort to give to his theory the shape of a logically ordered doctrine made from freely chosen elements which are not always compatible.
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