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1
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BORDERLAND PHONETIC FEATURES IN POLISH LANGUAGE OF THE STUDENTS OF HIGH SCHOOLS IN LITHUANIA (Kresowe cechy fonetyczne w polszczyznie standardowej uczniów polskich szkól srednich na Litwie)

100%
Karas H.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2009
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issue 2(8)
83-94
EN
The aim of the study is to describe dialectal phonetic features of Polish language spoken by the students of Polish high schools in Lithuania. The study is based on the research undertaken in the regions with high percentage of the Poles (regions: wilenski, solecznicki, trocki, swiecianski), and the records were done in the years 1998-2000 in official situation during the lessons or half-official in other circumstances. The analysis has shown that distinctive dialectal features are present in Polish language as a result of interference. The dialectal type of pronunciation was most often observed in phonemes 'e', 'o' and 'l'. 'L' was always pronounced in the borderland manner. Most of the respondents has also borderland pronunciation of 'w' after voiceless consonant, voiced 'h', the palatal consonants were only partly palatal etc. The pronunciation of nasal vowels was various. Regional pronunciation of groups: -chy-, -che-, -ij-, -yj- -trz, -dz-, -strz- was relatively rare. Generally standard Polish pronunciation was observed when accent and scope of occurrence of 'o - u' (a continuant of long o) were considered.
2

RELEASE BURST IN POLISH HOMORGANIC STOP GEMINATES

80%
Rojczyk A.
Linguistica Silesiana
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2008
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vol. 29
75-86
EN
The paper endeavours to verify a commonly accepted observation that Polish homorganic stop geminates are unreleased. Fifteen Polish subjects participated in the experiment, producing stop geminates in different contexts specified for the place of articulation, articulatory tempo, and voiced-voiceless distinction. The collected samples were acoustically analysed for presence or absence of the release burst. The results do not corroborate a putative unreleased status of Polish homorganic stop geminates. They show, however, that the frequency of released geminates strongly depends on the place of articulation, with dental /t, d/ released most frequently. Voiceless stops tend to be more readily released than voiced stops, though this tendency is only close to significant. Moreover, a significant impact of the tempo of articulation on the occurrence of the release burst has been demonstrated for both voiced and voiceless stops - longer utterances are conducive to unreleased realisations of geminates.
3

Phonetics education in Europe

80%
Marko A.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2004
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vol. 128
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issue 1
61-67
EN
The major aim of Socrates Thematic Network on 'Speech Communication Sciences' is to reflect on future directions in phonetics education and to initiate activities that promote desirable and needed developments. The Thematic Network started in 1996 and first made an analysis of the current state of education in Speech Communication Sciences in Europe. Building on this work, the working groups of the network made proposals on the outline and contents of academic studies in Phonetics, Spoken Language Engineering and for the Speech Communication component in Speech and Language Therapy. This paper presents (i) the most important results of the survey which summarized 89 institutions' answers on aims, elements and tools of study (etc.) as well as (ii) the proposals for phonetics education with linguistics-oriented aims.
4
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THE VOICE ONSET TIME IN POLISH AND ENGLISH: PERCEPTION EXPERIMENTS (Dlugosc czasu odsuniecia dzwiecznosci w jezyku polskim i angielskim. Badanie percepcji)

80%
Rojczyk A.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
|
2009
|
issue 1(7)
29-48
EN
The Voice Onset Time (VOT) introduced by Lisker and Abramson (1964) is defined as the single production dimension, the time interval between the release of a stop occlusion and the onset of vocal cord vibration. Languages generally fall into two of the three broad categories that show little cross-linguistic variation: voicing lead, short lag, and long lag. English and Polish exploit the VOT continuum differently. While English contrasts short lag vs. long lag for voiced and voiceless stops, Polish exploits voicing lead vs. short lag for its voiced and voiceless stops. This acoustic difference makes an interesting cross-linguistic scenario for perception studies in an identification paradigm. From a naturally obtained nonword keef, the author generated 8 stimuli with the VOT values of an initial stop ranging in 10ms-steps from 0 ms to +70 ms. These values span across the English VOT boundary which separates short lag (voiced) vs. long lag (voiceless) categories. In a forced-choice format, he asked two groups of subjects - native speakers of English and Polish beginner learners of English - to recognise and initial segment in each stimulus. The analysis of the results shows that the two groups performed differently in that native speakers categorised short lag into voiced /g/ and long lag into voiceless /k/. Polish subjects, on the other hand, did not exhibit a categorical shift from a voiceless into voiced category.
5

INTERFERENCES OF RUTHENIAN ON THE SZYMON ZIMOROWIC'S LANGUAGE

70%
Klimek J.
Slavia Orientalis
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2007
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vol. 56
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issue 3
417-429
EN
The paper presents the problems of phonetic, morphology, lexical and syntactic interferences of the 17th-century Ruthenian language on Polish, as observed in 'Roksolanki', a collection of wedding songs by Szymon Zimorowic. The poet spent most of his life in Lviv, and left for Cracow a year before he died. This biographical fact leads up to an assumption that the text may contain a considerable degree of interferences of Ruthenian on the Polish language used by the poet. Phonetic interferences of Ruthenian manifest themselves in the lack of phonological or phonetic contrast in the pairs of vowels a and á, é (often interpreted ortographically as y) and e; neutralization of the pairs rz(h) and rz as well as z(h) and rz; which constitutes a distortion in the division between the alveolar, palatal and palatoalveolar fricatives. Of Ruthenian origin are a handful of syntactic constructions in Polish: complex predicate with the subject complement in the Nominative Case, whereas Polish uses the Instrumental Case in this context; or the use of Accusative Case in predications with negated verbs. In the poetic lexicon of Zimorowic, there are 43 Ruthenian interferences, falling within the following thematic domains: 1) The human being. Physical life and psychology; 2) Plant and animal life. Space; 3) Arms and military thought. The Ruthenian interferences reported in the paper are mostly motivated stylistically - they serve as a means of emphasizing the Ruthenian atmosphere of Zimorowic's poetry. They stem from a conventional way of describing literary figures, and they enable the poet to consciously create the desired acoustic pattern of the rhymes.
6

TEMPORAL FEATURES OF CLUTTERING AND FAST SPEECH

70%
Bona J.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
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2005
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vol. 129
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issue 2
235-243
EN
Cluttering is a type of speech disorder affecting the fluency of speech and having a specific phonology similar to that of fast speech. In addition to accelerated articulation, cluttering is also characterised by too many repetitions, intellectual entanglement, monotony, and misapplication of grammatical forms. Therefore, it cannot simply be cured by slowing down the speaker's speech rate. Our hypothesis is that whenever clutterers consciously try to slacken their pace, the change of overall tempo will mainly be implemented by an increased number and length of pauses; their speech will remain arrhythmic, poorly articulated, and monotonous. In a series of experiments, we investigated, first, what strategy clutterers/fast speakers use to slow down their speech, and secondly, how they perceive their own speech rate. The above hypothesis was only confirmed with respect to clutterers in the clinical sense; fast speakers' pausing habits did not significantly change in slowed-down delivery. However, in the degree of slowing, we found significant differences between the two types of speakers. Clutterers solved the task by overslowing and voice quality modification, whereas fast speakers did so with an articulation rate that was still faster than usual. By exploring the phonetic character of speech that was deemed slow by the subjects, we gained some insight into the processes of phonetic and phonological planning of cluttered speech, and may have found additional pieces of information to help the therapy of that type of speech disorder.
7

SUPRASEGMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TEXTS OF VARIOUS GENRES

70%
Imre A.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
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2005
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vol. 129
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issue 4
510-520
EN
A phonetic investigation of various types of texts is definitely justified since all genres have their specific features in the way they sound. In a two-task perception test, the author intended to find out whether the genre of a text can be identified by listening to its suprasegmental structure only, and if it can, which suprasegmental feature is the most characteristic of which genre. She also wished to find an answer to the question of whether the suprasegmental characteristics of the individual genres can be identified irrespective of the language and/or the cultural setting involved. The test was administered to three age groups, as well as to both Hungarians and non-Hungarians. It was assumed that the identification of certain genres is unproblematic in all age groups but there will be genres that are more difficult to determine. Another hypothesis was that, irrespective of the distinct intonational and stress structures of the various languages, the sound of certain genres is more culture-dependent than based on linguistic differences. The results show that spontaneous dialogues were the easiest to recognise. All Hungarian groups of subjects identified sermons relatively confidently, whereas non-Hungarians did not. Significant differences were also found between Hungarians and foreigners with respect to poems and tales. The tempo of rendering and the characteristics of pauses turned out to be the features most relevant for genre identification.
8

Niektore kontrastne prvky v segmentalnej rovine vokalickych systemov slovenčiny, češtiny a poľštiny

70%
Lipowski J.
Slavica Wratislaviensia
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2010
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vol. 152
99-113
EN
The article points out the different phonetic features of Slovak, Czech and Polish, and particularly takes into consideration the peripheral features. The main contribution of the article is the presentation of two different hocalic segments [i:] and [ı] that occur in Slovak and Czech. So far a sufficient attention has not paid been to their qualitative difference. The differentiation of these two segmental elements is important for further analysis of phonetic aspect of the languages. The problem of occurrence of two vowels [i:] and [ı] is interesting from the point of view of Polish segmental system, which phonologically uses the opposition of [i:] a [ı] vowels with similar qualitative contrast.
9

FONETICKÉ A FONOLOGICKÉ VÝSKUMY V ČASOPISE SLOVENSKÁ REČ

61%
Očenáš I.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2022
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vol. 87
|
issue 3
74 – 106
EN
The article summarizes the development of linguistic disciplines dealing with the sound aspects of speech and the Slovak language and the development of phonetic and phonological thinking in the context of the articles published in the previous ninety volumes of the Slovenská reč journal. Their authors have published several remarkable studies, professional informative contributions, discussions and polemical articles, but especially the results of their scientific research work. Among the dominant topics and discussed problems were orthoepic issues, composition, relationships and functioning of the elements of the segmental system and supra-segmental properties of speech, the functioning of quantity and its guidance by the rhythmic law, its cooperation with phonology, derivation and morphology in the context of orthography, as well as the implementation of modern research methods at the sound level of Slovak and the creation of its systemic character.
10
Content available remote

FROM THE ACOUSTIC SIGNAL TO THE SEMANTICS OF WORDS – PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH ON RECOGNITION AND PRODUCTION OF SPEECH

61%
Rojczyk A.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
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2008
|
vol. 64
249-260
EN
The paper concentrates on psycholinguistic processes which occur while decoding speech from the acoustic signal to a complete recognition of the word. The acoustic signal reaching the hearer fails to reveal any clear-cut phonemic boundaries or invariability, therefore different perception models refer to different sources in speech categorization. The reason for the fact that phonemic categories are so strongly blurred in the signal is coarticulation, which, despite its disruptive effect on the structure of the signal, appears to be crucial in increasing the effectiveness of speech recognition. Having processed the signal into distinct speech categories, the hearer searches for an appropriate lexeme in their lexicon. The process appears to rely strongly on two aspects; competition and neighbourhood. Lexemes congruent with the incoming speech signal are activated in parallel and compete for recognition. Lexemes in dense neighbourhood are activated differently from lexemes in sparse neighbourhood. In its final parts, the article discusses how the ability to write and read influences the phonological representation of words.
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