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FROM THE HISTORY OF POLISH PUBLISHING OF HISTORICAL SOURCES. MACIEJ DOGIEL (1715-1760)

100%
Kurkowski J.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2006
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vol. 15
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issue 1-2(29-30)
89-157
EN
The paper is devoted to the life and work of the Piarist monk Maciej Dogiel from the Lithuanian province of the order, the author of the first Polish diplomatic, an active participant in the reform of the Piarist educational system, and the founder of the tertiary Collegium Nobilium, as well as a Piarist printing house in Wilno (Vilnius). The paper is based on a number of hitherto unanalysed manuscriptural sources from collections in Polish and Lithuanian libraries (Biblioteka Czartoryskich, Biblioteka Narodowa (National Library), the Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences at Kórnik, the Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences) as well as archives (The Central Archives of Historical Records (AGAD), the Piarist Archives in Kraków, the Archives of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw). The subject-matter has been presented against the background of the intellectual life of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century, the history of the Piarist order, and the history of publishing historical sources. The account of Dogiel's life and work includes his ties with the intellectual millieu that coalesced during the reign of Augustus III around the Zaluski Library. The paper also takes into consideration all of the achievements of the Polish and Lithuanian provinces of the Piarist order in the field of publishing historical sources. An analysis of the main work by Dogiel has shown that it is rich in influences deriving both from the traditional culture of the country's nobility, and from West European erudite historiography. Several tendencies have been observed that are characteristic for the political-historical thought of the Commonwealth in that period, such as a reorientation of interest towards the West (towards lands lying on the river Oder), an ahistorical levelling of the historical perspective, the affirmation of the educational role of historical sources, and the belief that argumentation based on sources could play a decisive role not only in the description and understanding, but also in the reforming of the realities of the times.
2
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Pijarska szkoła rzemieślnicza w Opolu Lubelskim - pomyłka badaczy

100%
Jastrzębski K.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2011
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vol. 20
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issue 2(39)
51-61
EN
Since the beginning of the XIXth century, a conviction has prevailed in the Polish historiography according to which in the second half of the XVIIIth century a Piars` craft school existed in Opole Lubelskie. This school was the subject of numerous historical texts starting with those written by Józef Łukasiewicz in 1851 and ending with those of Mariusz Ausz (2009). The historians underlined it with pride that the existence of this school was a significant and glorious fact. Most authors of encyclopedia articles and dictionary entries always mentioned this craft school. However, even a superficial analysis of the historical sources concerning this “school” leads to the obvious conclusion that the Piars` craft school in Opole Lubelskie has neither ever been established nor has it ever educated any students nor has it ever started to perform its didactic activities, which means that it has never existed. It was only an idea that has never materialized. It is a myth, not an historical fact. The case of this school – or rather of this idea – illustrates how myths have been created in historical sciences and how these myths can advance to axioms taken for granted by all and how historians themselves can contribute to it. This is a perfect example of how easy one can be self-deceived and how careful one should read source documents.
3
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BETWEEN THE EAST AND WEST. BERNARD SYRUC (SIRUC), 1731-1784 (Miedzy Wschodem a Zachodem. Bernard Syruc (Siruc) 1731-1784)

88%
Kurkowski J.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2009
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vol. 18
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issue 1-2(35-36)
7-50
EN
The paper is devoted to the life and work of Bernard Syruc, a monk of the Lithuanian province of the Piarist order and an eminent, albeit now largely forgotten, scholar of his time. A man of wide-ranging interests: mathematician, historian, classical philologist, Bible scholar and translator, Syruc was the author of the first Polish publication (written in Latin and published in Rome) on integral and differential calculus. His pedagogical skills were highly valued as well: it is significant that after studies in Poland and abroad, Syruc was able to work at the Theresian Academy in Vienna. Later he was actively engaged in two successive educational reforms carried out in Lithuania: he participated in establishing a model Piarist centre at Wilno (Vilna, Vilnius) in the late 1750s and early 1760s, and later took part in the reform of the educational system conducted after 1773 by the Committee for National Education (KEN), as a lecturer of the Main School of Lithuania (1781) and as inspector general. At the same he was responsible for many publications in various fields, including books meant for the general public; most of these were translations, adaptations and compilations of literary dating from Antiquity and Modern times (the latter included works in French, German and even Russian). Among those publications were translations of the history of Poland by Pierre Joseph Solignac and of the history of Russia based on the work of Jean Rousset de Missy (vol. 1-2 and 4), and translations of the memoirs of Tsar Peter the Great edited by Mikhail Shcherbatov (vol. 3), as well as translations of German works, mainly the memoirs of General Christoph Hermann von Mannstein and source materials edited by Christoph Schmidt (vol. 5). The paper is based on source materials available at the Piarist Archives in Cracow, at the Archives of the Polish Academy of Sciences, at the Czartoryski Library, as well as many Polish, French, German and Russian old prints. The analysis of Syruc's biography and work makes it possible to state that, irrespective of his skills and unique abilities, he was a typical representative of the monastic intellectual elite of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which traditionally had strong links with the culture and scholarship of Western Europe, but was deeply engaged in the public life of the Commonwealth. This explains Syruc's interest in history in general, and in the history of law and political systems, as well as international relations in particular, which was directed not only towards the West (in line with the 'reorientation to the lands on the Odra (Oder)', which was taking place in the political-historical thinking of the times), but also towards the new European power in the East, Russia. There are also characteristic traces of 'Lithuanization' to be found in the Piarist scholar's work. It is worth adding that Syruc planned to publish works on the history of Lithuania and with that goal in mind approached the KEN with a proposal for a source query in St. Petersburg.
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