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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPLEX DENDROLOGICAL METHODOLOGY (Istorychny rozvytok kompleksnoyi dendrolohichnoyi metodolohiyi)

100%
Ivchenko I. S.
Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)
|
2009
|
issue 3
46-60
EN
According to historians of botany, history of botanic research in a natural or administrative region is linked to the history of research of its flora, and, accordingly, dendroflora. On the basis of this statement, several methods and approaches are proposed for comparative historical studies of the dendrological field. Specifics of dendrofloristics as a mainstream dendrology field are outlined by use of logical, regional, geographic, systemic, functional and other methods. Historically, dendrofloristics was based on research of populations of wooden plants. History of studies of wooden plants in the evolutionary epoch in the context of building up the complex dendrological methodology is analyzed. These studies are associated with the rise of phytocentric field in dendrology. Empirical and visual dendrofloristic methods of the past classification epoch were replaced by sounder approaches of the evolutionary epoch in the last third of XIX century. They are based on identification of population integrity of dendrological objects as elements of natural systems. At the same time, revival of ethnobotanic approaches poses question about integration of floristic and phytocenotic methods, and creation of separate dendrological methodology on the systemic basis.
2
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The world of plants in the east-slovian healing spells

100%
Szczesniak K.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2007
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vol. 31
299-313
EN
The article concerns the plant naming present in east-slovian healing spells which themselves constitute a very specific example of magic texts. The researched material allowed for three types of such orders to be distinguished: 1. Texts where the name of plant or its specific part is necessary for the incantation. 2. Texts where the name forms a background for the ritual of dispelling. 3. Texts where both of the afore-mentioned functions are attributed to the plant. The gathered material contained not only the names of various plants, shrubs and trees but also specific plant parts (such as gnarls, branches and fungi growing thereupon) and their respective collectivities (such as forests and orchards) or objects made from them (such as a broom or a crucifix). The presence of plant names is usually connected with the symbolic nature of those respective plants in slovian culture. The absence in those orders of such names as: plantago or linden or other plants having equally time-honoured traditions in folk medicine can bring about some confusion, however, after more such texts have been researched these doubts may well be dispersed.
3
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ANALÝZA RASTLINNÝCH MAKROZVYŠKOV ZO VZORIEK SEDIMENTU A ODTLAČKOV NA MAZANICI A KERAMIKE ZO VČASNOSTREDOVEKÝCH SÍDLISKOVÝCH OBJEKTOV V HURBANOVE-BOHATEJ

63%
Hlavatá J.
Študijné zvesti
|
2013
|
issue 54
129 - 143
EN
Various archaeological features dated back to several historical periods have been uncovered during the rescue excavation of settlement site in Hurbanovo-Bohatá. The aim of this work is to present results of archaeobotanical analysis dealing with plant macro-remains from the soil samples and several types of imprints in daub and pottery from Early Medieval features, especially those from 8th cent. AD. The soil samples were taken only from one archaeological feature (5/05) as a judgement samples. Fragments of daub and pottery were found in archaeological features 4/05, 5/05, 7/05 and also from an archaeological layer in section no. 4. These fragments were bearing imprints of a several plant segments and also of a timber and reed. For the purpose of the fragments analysis the descriptive system based on previous studies was used. The presented analysis has been included in author´s diploma thesis.
4
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UPLATNENIE DREVÍN A RASTLÍN V SKLÁRSTVE

63%
Mihályiová J.
Študijné zvesti
|
2009
|
issue 46
171 - 177
EN
In the article woods and plants are given, which were used in glass production as firewood, for production of potash, glassworker’s moulds, and handles of implements or for molten glass purification. Wood of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) was the most calorific and very frequently used in glassmaking workshops. Developing glass production resulted in increasing wood usage and caused its subsequent shortage. The beech wood was substituted for less calorific woods of oak (Quercus sp.), ash (Fraxinus sp.), pine (Pinus sp.), spruce (Picea sp.), maple (Acer sp.) or willow (Salix sp.). The beech wood was exclusively used for production of potash, what is chemical matter added to glass batch to influence a glass melt quality. Shortage of this wood forced glassmakers to look for new raw materials with high alkaline content. Abundant plant material that was usable was offered by straw of cereals: wheat (Triticum sp.), barley (Hordeum sp.), sunflower (Helianthus sp.), maize (Zea mays), leaves of bean (Phaseolus sp.), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), pressed remains of grapes (Vitis sp.) and waste from distillation of spirit from sugar-making molasses (beta vulgaris). Wild plants of thistle (Cardus sp.), celandine (Chelidonium sp.), nettle (Urtica sp.) and aubergine (Solanum sp.) were usable as well. One thousand kilograms of beech wood was used to produce 1 kg of potash, while 25 kg of potash could be made from sunflower remains. Physical qualities of beech wood met all requirements of production of glass moulds or implement handles. The wood of pear (Pyrus sp.) and plum (Prunus sp.) are known to be used as well. Although there were attempts to substitute the beech wood for another woods and plants, no alternative raw material compared to beech wood. This was achieved by chemically produced mineral salts only.
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