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TAXONOMIC ISSUES IN POLISH ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES (Problemy taksonomiczne w polskich badaniach etnobotanicznych)

100%
Luczaj L.
Lud
|
2008
|
vol. 92
43-64
EN
The aim of the article is to discuss possible problems faced by researchers studying the traditional use of plants in Poland. One of the main issues is the discrepancy between the folk taxonomy and Polish scientific names. It is often the case that a Polish scientific name assigned arbitrarily to a certain genus was actually extensively used by common people to name different genera. Sometimes the confusion is caused by the different meaning of certain folk names in different parts of Poland. The paper also discusses which Latin names should be given to folk generics that refer to one or a few botanical species (e.g. lipa - linden), whether they should be labelled with only the scientific generics (Tilia sp.) or with the most commonly used botanical species (Tilia cordata), or whether they should be given a more detailed description ('mainly Tilia cordata and possibly T. platyphyllos'). In this article botanical mistakes in Polish ethnographic studies are discussed and a list of the most confusing taxa is given. Besides, the author lists a few taxa often omitted or not properly recognised in ethnographic studies. The author suggests some ways to improve the quality of ethnobotanical research. These are: the use of specimens, recording informant consensus, interviewing informants in the field (in the plants' habitat), and cross-checking the gathered material (herbarium specimens, plant photos and names) with a plant taxonomy specialist.
2

UKRAINIAN (RUTHENIAN) NAMES OF PLANTS MOTIVATED BY MEDICINAL, NARCOTIC AND POISONOUS EFFECTS

100%
Cizmarova M.
Slavica Slovaca
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2008
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vol. 43
|
issue 1
45-51
EN
In a majority of the investigated names there is noticeable distinct motivation with distinct word building structure and equivalents in the Slavic languages. There are names of the human organs, parts of a body or, possibly, the names of illnesses are based on plant names. It depends on which illness was cured by these plants in a natural healing.
3

BEKA 'FROG' IN PLANT NAMES

88%
Racz J.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2005
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vol. 129
|
issue 2
186-201
EN
Popular plant names are not only important for their linguistic and botanic aspects but also as part of the cultural history of mankind. Of the various subtypes, plant names involving animal names are especially intriguing. Many Hungarian plant names involve beka 'frog' as an anterior constituent, for instance: bekabuzogany 'bur-reed', bekadunyha 'frog's blanket', bekahagyma 'frog's onion', bekakaposzta 'frog's cabbage', bekakorso 'water-parsnip', bekakosar 'frog's basket', bekalab 'frog's foot', bekalencse 'duckweed', bekaliliom 'water violet', bekarokka 'shave grass', etc. This animal name almost exclusively occurs in names of plants growing in water or in moist places. The author discusses the word history and word geography of 60 such plant names found in various botanic treatises, folklore texts and linguistic compendia, trying to explore their conceptual background and motives and to give etymological explanations.
4
Content available remote

Categorisation of plants in czech phraseology

88%
Balowska G.
Bohemistyka
|
2015
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vol. 15
|
issue 4
332 - 346
EN
This article presents an analysis of phraseological units with the PLANT component as found in contemporary Czech. The focus is on the set of features attributed to individual specimens of flora which reflect patterns of categorisation with reference to, for example, physical characteristics (shape, colour, taste,scent), useful properties, and behaviour. Categorisation is understood here as one of the possible tools of organizing and interpreting reality. The concept of categorisation refers to the pre-scientific (naive) commonplace perception of the world which involves the foregrounding those features which are relevant from a human perspective and ignoring those which are insignificant.
5

BAK 'BUCK' AND KECSKE 'GOAT' IN HUNGARIAN PLANT NAMES

88%
Racz J.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2006
|
vol. 130
|
issue 3
302-316
EN
Analytic metaphors based on animal names are frequent in the terminology of botany. The reverse case also occurs in a number of instances: animal names are derived from plant names as in kaposztalepke 'cabbage-butterfly', fapoloska 'plant bug', szolotetu 'vine louse', almalegy 'apple maggot', szilvamoly 'plum piercer', gabonamoly 'grain moth', etc. From among zoomorphic terms, the author has collected those in 'bak-' and 'kecske-,' and discusses their word history and word geography. These terms are partly internal developments, compounds, and partly entered Hungarian as loan translations. They are shape-based names, referring to the form or smell of plants or parts of plants. They include several polysemous expressions in which the relationship between individual, immediately related meanings is metaphorical. The motivations are mainly reconstructible. There is a similarity in shape between (parts of) the animals involved and the stalk, root, leaf or flower whose name is borrowed for them.
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