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Platonism in Mathematics and the Platonism in Physical Science

100%
Krol Z.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
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2005
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vol. 41
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issue 1(163)
37-46
EN
Mathematical platonism has become an internal problem in mathematics which results in some strictly mathematical methods of the mathematical enquiry. These methods often tend to display not quite self-conscious treatment of the mathematical reality as given and already present. The mathematical platonism is not an innocent attitude and not merely a psychological add-on to the process of science creation but should become formulated explicity, especially in physical science. The presence of platonism in physics is briefly described and some consequences of the platonism are shown.
2

'Without Truth' - A Better Prospect?

80%
Buczynska-Garewicz H.
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria
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2007
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vol. 16
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issue 2(62)
103-119
EN
There is a widespread belief that philosophy, to neopragmatism, was a struggle against monsters created by metaphysics. But this attitude predates neopragmatism, and can be found in the Vienna Circle or Tadeusz Kotarbinski. What the authoress find typical for pragmatism is a tendency to simplify the role and conception of truth as direct depiction or copying of the world in the mind. This simplification, perhaps most conspicuous in the writings of Richard Rorty, leads to an absolute dichotomy between a Platonic conception of truth, and an empirically oriented view that truth is what science finds to be true, favored by neopragmatism.
3

CAUSAL-MENTALIST VIEW OF PROPOSITIONS

80%
Joaquin J., Franklin J.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2022
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vol. 29
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issue 1
47 - 77
EN
In order to fulfil their essential roles as the bearers of truth and the relater of logical relations, propositions must be public and shareable. That requirement has favoured Platonist and other non-mental views of them, despite the well-known problems of Platonism in general. Views that propositions are mental entities have correspondingly fallen out of favour, as they have difficulty in explaining how propositions could have shareable, objective properties. We revive a mentalist view of propositions, inspired by Artificial Intelligence work on perceptual algorithms, which shows how perception causes persistent mental entities with shareable properties that allow them to fulfil the traditional roles of (one core kind of) propositions. The clustering algorithms implemented in perception produce outputs which are (implicit) atomic propositions in different minds. Coordination of them across minds proceeds by game-theoretic processes of communication. The account does not rely on any unexplained notions such as mental content, representation, or correspondence (although those notions are applicable in philosophical analysis of the result).
4
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WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE «AN ORIGENIST»? A CASE OF ALEKSEY KHOMYAKOV

70%
Kamenskikh A., Kamenskikh V.
Konštantínove listy
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2022
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vol. 15
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issue 2
139 - 148
EN
The article discusses the hypothesis about alleged «Origenism» of Aleksey Khomyakov, one of the leaders of Slavophile movement in 19thcentury Russia. Two versions of this hypothesis, “a strong” and “a weak” one, were offered by Basil (Vadim) Lourié in his works of 1994 and 2020. For clarification of this hypothesis’ “conceptual context” an attempt was made to discern and conceptualize two main approaches in studies on forms of intellectual heritage reception of Origen of Alexandria, first of all in Russia. The first approach can with some degree of convenience be called “realist”: Origenism within it is considered as some stable philosophical or theological position, interpreted in an extremely broad manner – as a kind of sharp platonization of Christianity, or as an attempt at free philosophizing within Christian tradition. In frameworks of this approach, reception of any element of Origenism by a later thinker intends him accept all the position, makes him an “Origenist” and a Platonist. Unlike this “realist” approach, the “nominalist” one assumes to consider intellectual heritage of Origen of Alexandria as a complex set of theological and philosophical hypotheses, peculiarities of style – and the personality of the Alexandrian thinker. This approach demands much more delicate treatment of the terms “Origenist” and “Origenism”. Applied to B. Lourié’s hypothesis about Aleksey Khomyakov’s Origenism, this distinguishing interprets “the strong” version of the hypothesis as “extremely realistic” and “the weak” version as a form of moderate realism, much more nuanced and historically correct. This version states the importance which had an image of Origen’s doctrine framed by August Neander in the second volume of his “General History of the Christian Religion and Church” (1843) for Khomyakov’s theological and philosophical views.
5

IN DEFENCE OF A TYPE-TOKEN VIEW. RESPONSE TO MORRIS

70%
Dragoun I.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2012
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vol. 19
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issue 4
444 – 458
EN
What is the ontological status of a musical work? This paper enters the discussion of the question between Julian Dodd and Michael Morris. Dodd is a proponent of a type-token view, which is a version of Platonism. Morris has formulated an argument that purports to show that a musical work cannot be a token of a type. If successful, the argument presents a serious challenge for a type-token theorist with implications for Platonism as a whole. Morris’s argument is, however, problematic in a few respects. The aim of this paper is to identify the problems and weaken the strength of Morris’s argument thus restoring the original appeal of a type-token view.
6

PRÁVNOFILOZOFICKÉ NÁZORY FERENCA DEÁKA

70%
Stipta I., Gáspár K.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2015
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vol. 18
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issue 3
-
EN
The essay reviews the general theories of one of the most remarkable reform politicians of Hungary, Ferenc Deák on law. A part of the professional literature debates whether the famous politician had any coherent and reasoned philosophical concepts are based on his essays. This paper attempts to justify that the pragmatic politics and legislative activity of Deák was led by conscious principles of natural law. In his system of ideas, not only progressive antique and humanistic elements but also the modern philosophical trends of the 18th century are present. Deák considered law and morality to be in an organic unity. As a politician and legislator, his main idea was the respect of law, the attachment to acts and the strong belief in moral fortitude.
7

TWO WEAK POINTS OF THE ENHANCED INDISPENSABILITY ARGUMENT – DOMAIN OF THE ARGUMENT AND DEFINITION OF INDISPENSABILITY

70%
Drekalović V.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2016
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vol. 23
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issue 3
280 - 298
EN
The contemporary Platonists in the philosophy of mathematics argue that mathematical objects exist. One of the arguments by which they support this standpoint is the so-called Enhanced Indispensability Argument (EIA). This paper aims at pointing out the difficulties inherent to the EIA. The first is contained in the vague formulation of the Argument, which is the reason why not even an approximate scope of the set objects whose existence is stated by the Argument can be established. The second problem is reflected in the vagueness of the very term indispensability, which is essential to the Argument. The paper will remind of a recent definition of the concept of indispensability of a mathematical object, reveal its deficiency and propose an improvement of this definition. Following this, we will deal with one of the consequences of the arbitrary employment of the concept of indispensability of a mathematical theory. We will propose a definition of this concept as well, in accordance with the common intuition about it. Eventually, on the basis of these two definitions, the paper will describe the relation between these two concepts, in the attempt to clarify the conceptual apparatus of the EIA.
8

ANTOINE BERMAN'S PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTIONS ON THE LANGUAGE AND TRANSLATION: THE POSSIBILITY OF TRANSLATING WITHOUT PLATONISM

61%
Lee H., Yun S.-W.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2011
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vol. 66
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issue 4
336-346
EN
The paper surveys the problem of language and translation in Antoine Berman's pioneering achievements. This French philosopher of translation was deeply influenced not only by Schleiermacher, who affirmed the unity of thought and expression, but also by Benjamin, who drew attention to the formalism of the language. In Berman's view the essence of language lies in signifiers and letters. He criticized the Platonic view of language and translation which endows non-sensual, mental, and universal elements, with a higher ontological status. Thus Berman proposed a modern theory of translation without Platonism. Meanings can be realized through and within letters not only in the source language, but also in the target language. In this sense, Berman's philosophy of translation clearly reflects 'the achievements of modern semiotics' (P. Ricoeur). The paper criticizes the conception of translation as trapped within the logic of identity, which ignores the differences between, and the multiplicity of, languages as a result of a deep-rooted drive to obtain a universal meaning. The paper shows that Berman's philosophy reflects and accepts this multiplicity allowing thereby the logic of difference/otherness to flourish in translation.
9

AVICEBRONOV PRAMEŇ ŽIVOTA A ALBERT VEĽKÝ

51%
Mičaninová M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2010
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vol. 65
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issue 2
161-169
EN
The medieval Christian philosophy was influenced by the translations of the writings by the ancient philosophers from Arabic into Latin. Among them was also 'Liber de causis' by Avicebron. In his commentary Albert the Great examines Avicebron's theory of universal matter and universal form, offering his own interpretation of the latter. The conclusions of the author's analysis of the Albert's commentary are as follows: 1. In Albert's commentary the theory of Avicebron is not represented adequately. 2. Albert's objections against Avicebron's theory are not identical with his approach to Platonism in general. 3. Dividing philosophers into two groups, Platonists and Aristotelians, as usually found in contemporary analyses, can not be applied when analyzing Albert's commentary, while the two approaches differ substantially.
10

Być czy mieć? Pochwała posiadania i własności

41%
Guczalska K.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
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2012
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issue 887
37-56
EN
In the text, I attempt to question the justifiability of Erich Fromm’s distinction: “to have or to be?”. In practice, the phrase is used in various contexts and discussions and is not associated with the ideas of its author. The catchphrase’s popularity comes from the fact that it managed to express the attainments of many centuries of religion and philosophy, which may be defined as axiology branding devotion to material things. The axiology is usually adopted as unquestionable. My thesis is that axiology is, in fact, a debatable evaluation. I present my own views and those of Bronisław Łagowski, which he presented in his paper Palę Fromma (I burn Fromm). I also cite real cases of negation and affirmation of private property. I discuss the negation of property made by Plato and its critique undertaken by Aristotle. I analyse the affirmations of private property which are the strongest in West European culture – liberal thought and libertarianism. I think that one should develop and form one’s mind so as to relieve oneself from the devotion to things. It does not, however, have to be achieved through the fight with and negation of the phenomena required for subsistence. Things are not negative in themselves. The desire and drive to possess material things may be perceived as a valuable phenomenon – both from an economic and a moral point of view. The community needs people who are responsible, resourceful and well-off, which means people who have something to lose. In this text, I am mostly interested in the “transposition” of the adopted metaphysical assumptions in the practice of social life.
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