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Kobiety w migracjach międzynarodowych z Podhala. Przypadek Ludźmierza

100%
Ptak E.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
|
2019
|
vol. 45
|
issue 4 (174)
77–99
PL
Tradycyjnie migracje międzynarodowe z Podhala postrzegane były przez pryzmat ekonomicznych konsekwencji wyjazdów górali podhalańskich – mężczyzn udających się do prac sezonowych w rolnictwie (wyjazdy kontynentalne) lub w przemyśle ciężkim: budownictwie czy metalurgii (wyjazdy zamorskie). Jednak od dekad w migracjach międzynarodowych z Podhala uczestniczyły kobiety. Do końca XX wieku migrantki z Podhala głównie towarzyszyły wyjeżdżającym do pracy mężczyznom, szczególnie w przypadku migracji do Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki Północnej. Obecne od lat 90. XX wieku zmiany w strumieniach migracyjnych z Podhala dotyczyły także uczestnictwa kobiet w migracjach. Góralki podhalańskie coraz częściej samodzielnie podejmowały decyzje o wyjeździe, a ich aktywne uczestnictwo w migracjach międzynarodowych powodowało zmiany w społecznościach wysyłających. Potwierdzeniem tego faktu są dane z badań własnych, które prowadziłam w jednej z podhalańskich społeczności wiejskich – Ludźmierzu. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań wyłonić można interesujące kwestie związane z migracjami góralek. W artykule podjęto analizę jednego z takich zagadnień, mianowicie zmian w kapitale społecznym, kulturowym i ekonomicznym uczestniczek migracji międzynawowych z Podhala (przez wyjazdem, w trakcie, po zakończonej migracji) i ich wpływu na podejmowane rodzaje aktywności w społeczności wysyłającej i przyjmującej.
EN
Traditionally, international migration from Podhale was perceived from the point of view of the economic consequences of departures of Podhale highlanders – men travelling for seasonal work in agriculture (continental departures) or in heavy industry like construction or metallurgy (overseas departures). However, women have participated in international migration from Podhale for decades. Until the end of the 20th century, female migrants from Podhale mainly accompanied the men leaving for work, especially when migrating to the United States. Changes in migration streams from Podhale, present since the 90s of the XXth century, also concerned the participation of women in migration. Female Podhale highlanders increasingly made their own decisions about leaving, and their active participation in international migration triggered changes in the communities which sent them. A confirmation of this fact is the data from my own research, which I conducted in one of the Podhale rural communities – Ludźmierz. On the basis of the conducted research, interesting issues related to migration of female highlanders can be discovered. The article analyses one of the issues, namely changes in the social, cultural and economic capital of the female participants of international migration from Podhale (before departure, during, after the migration) and their impact on the types of activity in the sending and receiving communities.
2
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LEXICON OF MALOPOLSKA MOUNTAINOUS REGION WITH A SPECIAL CONSIDERATION OF PODHALE IN STUDIES OF THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURY

99%
Okoniowa J.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
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2008
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vol. 64
237-248
EN
The subject of the study is an overview of methods used in lexicographical and cartographical research referring to Podhale and adjacent areas. It is limited to signal only some of the issues ever present in dialectal lexicography and cartography. They are the terms specifying region boundaries; the range of geographical names and their counterparts in dialectological studies; geography of dialectal sources referring to the region of mountainous Malopolska, an outline of present European state (euroregions); dialectological trends and their representatives; issues referring to lexicography: differentiation, synchronic and diachronic analysis frame. Hitherto, the only relatively complete dictionary was the collection of Dembowski from the 19th century, which became one of the sources of Karlowicz dictionary and constitutes the basis and a point of reference of many following dictionaries. The achievements of linguistic geography integrated with interdisciplinary research should become a material for description and analysis.
3
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Antoni Ojrzyński – nieznany aptekarz, taternik oraz bibliofil

71%
Górska A.
Toruńskie Studia Bibliologiczne
|
2009
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vol. 2
|
issue 2(3)
49-68
EN
The article describes life and activity of Antoni Ojrzynski (1871–1967), pharmacist, mountaineer and the keen bibliophile who gathered literature portraying possessions of the Polish society in the cognition and popularizing the Tatras and Podhale over the centuries. Collector displayed his fond of book already in school years, then he started independently broadening his knowledge with a view to filling gaps in the education. Beginning by Ojrzynski concentrating his own library was a result of the self-education. In the idea collection was supposed to have regional character, devoted to the Tatras and the Carpatian. A presence of many outstanding work concerning Tatra issues from 18th century, and ending on thirties 20th century in is characteristic for Ojrzynski collection. The outbreak of the World War II led for partial destroying the library. In order to protect it before more distant devastation in 1947 Ojrzynski handed over survive sets as the deposit to the library of the Polish Tatra Society in Cracow (nowadays known as The Central Mountain Library of Polish Tourist Country-Lovers' Society - Centralna Biblioteka Gorska PTTK). This library constitutes unusually valuable and endless source up till today to the research on history and the development of Podhale and the Tatras.
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