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THE ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION OF POLISH MIGRANTS IN IRISH RURAL AREAS IN THE PERIOD OF ECONOMIC PROSPERITY FROM 2004 TO 2007

100%

Galica-Orzechowska N.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2011

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vol. 37

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issue 4(142)

5-37

EN

The purpose of this paper is to assess the level of economic integration of Polish national in rural Ireland and to analyse the non-economic determinants of this process in the context of the EU 2004 enlargement. The paper focuses on a micro level analysis of migrants’ economic integration and a macro level analysis of the Irish labour market impact on migrants’ integration during the period of economic prosperity between 2004 and 2007. It explores neoclassic economic theory, NELM theory as well as dual labour market theory and network theory to assess migrants’ integration with the labour market. The paper is based on the main findings of a research study conducted in 2007 in all four provinces of the Republic of Ireland. The study employed mixed methods, including: literature review, face-to-face and electronic surveys, elite interviews and a focus group discussion. The research findings revealed that Polish migrants in rural Ireland were a well-educated and highly motivated workforce and not the resource-poor from the most impoverished provinces of Poland as one might envisage. They were either employed or in education prior to migration. The choice of the migration destination was largely determined by the Polish migratory network and work opportunities in rural Ireland. Most of migrants indicated temporality of stay. Many factors influence the permanency of stay, not least the economic trends in both Ireland and Poland but also life opportunities and sense of life stability. Due to the high market demand for unskilled and semi-skilled workers, most of the respondents were employed but the research found ‘an occupational gap’ in the employment patterns and significant levels of underemployment among migrants. However, the Irish authorities did little to capitalise on this potential opportunity. Finally, the paper presents how work conditions, including nationality represented at work or language used at work impacted on integration. It is concluded that the ‘brain drain’ experienced in Poland was mirrored by a ‘brain waste’ in Ireland.

2

POLACY W OBOZIE GURS W LATACH 1939-1945

88%

Nisiobecka A.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2011

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vol. 37

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issue 3(141)

9-26

EN

The author of the article describes the previously unknown story of Gurs camp founded in 1939, in southern France. The existence of internment camps on the territory of France was a shameful card during the Second World War in this country. The camp in Gurs was established near the border with Spain by the French authorities in April 1939. The camp was originally intended for Spanish citizens. In May 1940, after German invasion of France, the Vichy state administration changed its use . It became " half penal camp" to which foreign nationals of Jewish origin were sent. Since 1942, when the Germans decided to "solve the Jewish question", the French authorities deported internees in transports, "in an unknown direction" to death camps on the Polish territory. After the war Vichy government collaborators were sent to Gurs camp. Today, the site is the camp's mausoleum.

3

„SPECYFICZNY POLAK W NORMALNEJ FRANCJI”. O POLSKIEJ IMIGRACJI W TEKSTACH FRANCUSKICH BADACZY

63%

Chwieduk A.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2016

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vol. 42

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issue 2 (160)

23-50

PL

W obliczu coraz bardziej komplikującej się sytuacji imigracyjnej we Francji, zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do ludności wyznania islamskiego, warto postawić pytanie o Polaków przybywających w zauważalny sposób do tego kraju przynajmniej od XIX wieku. W powszechnym odczuciu stanowią tam mało wyróżniającą się grupę imigrantów, co więcej – od wielu lat wpisującą się w model francuskiej integracji. Jednakże tego typu wyobrażenie nie koresponduje z obrazem imigracji polskiej, który wyłania się z publikacji naukowych, stanowiących przedmiot dyskusji w artykule. Jak się okazuje, Polacy jawią się w nich jako grupa nadal „obca”. Dlaczego? W odpowiedzi zostaną rozwinięte trzy myśli. Po pierwsze teksty francuskich badaczy poświęcone polskiej migracji ujawniają żywotność francuskiej dominacji politycznej, która w postkolonialnym kontekście polega na stanowieniu standardów światopoglądowych wolnych „od hermetycznych ideologii i wszelkich fundamentalizmów”. Po drugie, Polacy od wieków wpisują się w stereotyp „ubogiego, ale obcego kulturowo sojusznika” politycznego Francji. Po trzecie, przybysze z Polski zawsze byli klasyfikowani jako wyrazisty przypadek biednej imigracji zarobkowej. Artykuł podejmuje zatem refleksję nad zjawiskiem imigracji w kontekście relacji dominacji polityczno-kulturowej Francji w Europie i na świecie, ale także w odniesieniu do materii tekstu pisanego naukowego, jako kulturowego i zarazem politycznego narzędzia konstruowania Innego/Obcego.

EN

In the face of the increasingly complex immigration situation in France, particularly with regard to the Muslim population, a question well worth asking is one about Poles, who have been arriving in noticeable numbers to settle down in France at least since the nineteenth century. In the general perception Polish immigrants are not a very conspicuous group; what is more, they have been fitting well into the model of French integration for many years. Still, this image fails to correspond with the picture of Polish immigration which emerges from scientific publications discussed in this article. As it turns out, Poles appear in those publications as a group that is still considered ‘alien.’ Why? The answer to this question will be given through the investigation of three lines of thought. Firstly, texts of French researchers devoted to the subject of Polish migration reveal the perseverance of French political domination, manifesting itself – in the post-colonial context – in formulating world outlook standards free from ‘hermetic ideologies and any form of fundamentalism.’ Secondly, for centuries the Polish people have been stereotypically perceived as France’s ‘poor, yet culturally alien’ political ally. Finally, immigrants from Poland have always been classified as evident representatives of impoverished labour migrants. Thus, the article offers a reflection on the phenomenon of immigration in the context of France’s political and cultural domination in Europe and the world, but also in relation to written scientific texts as cultural and political tools for constructing the figure of the Other/Alien.

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3 Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

1 Chwieduk A.

1 Galica-Orzechowska N.

1 Nisiobecka A.

1 2016

2 2011

THE ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION OF POLISH MIGRANTS IN IRISH RURAL AREAS IN THE PERIOD OF ECONOMIC PROSPERITY FROM 2004 TO 2007

POLACY W OBOZIE GURS W LATACH 1939-1945

„SPECYFICZNY POLAK W NORMALNEJ FRANCJI”. O POLSKIEJ IMIGRACJI W TEKSTACH FRANCUSKICH BADACZY