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Tomalak B.

Świat i Słowo

2012

vol. 10

issue 2(19)

119-131

The article attempts to use the frequency of key-words in the analysis of the improvised anthology of poems which present small towns in the mountainous landscape. Not all of the fifteen poems which have been analysed are literary masterpieces, yet they adequately reflect the structure of small town descriptions. In order to reconstruct such a structure – which I call a semantic universal – one has to take into account cultural and topical conditions of such images, and in certain cases also their unconscious motivations which are possible when a motif which is a narrative elaboration on the archetypal symbol appears. Semantic universals are not features of a language of a particular author but belong to the subject itself. In order to identify the semantic structure presenting a „small town in the mountainous landscape” I take into account the town descriptions, towns’ history (both from synchronic and diachronic perspectives) as well as the landscape (the background) along with the folklore. The analysis which takes into account the above mentioned three elements of the semantic universal’s structure shows the regularities in the poems which describe small towns written by different authors. The most important observation is the connection between the semantic universal describing small town with a part of the religious model of the world, which is a characteristic feature of the thought inspired by the category of myth.

KRIK NAHEJ DUŠE UMELCA

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Horváth T.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

2017

vol. 64

issue 6

413 – 431

The paper is an interpretation of the novel Krik (Krzyk/The Scream, 1917) by Polish modernist writer Stanisław Przybyszewski (1868 – 1927) within the context of Przybyszewski´s ideological and aesthetical conception including notions such as the naked soul, sexual instinct (chuć), meta-word and androgyny. The hallucinatory and dreamy fictitious world of the novel, built up using the literary method of discontinuity of chronotopes, is related to Przybyszewski´s view of reality as the reality of the naked soul. The literary production is a scream of a naked soul which is linked to the forces of the unconscious mind including subconscious impulses and instincts. They control the conscious self, who thus becomes unautonomous, and they split it up (the motif of a double in the novel). The narrative structure of the novel is based on the principle of repetition with a difference: the main hero, artist Gaštovt, wants the impossible: he wants to hear again the scream of the prostitute jumping off the bridge. The repetition is, however, – in Nietzsche´s words – the return of the different: Gaštovt first saves the female suicide, but then longing for the repetition of the scream he kills her. The structure of the repetition joins several motifs in the text: the individual characters reappear as different ones in the feverish maze of Gaštovt´s wandering: the jarvey later as the violinist, the female suicide later as the hypnotized actress, the stranger later as Weryho, and eventually Weryho as Gaštovt himself (in the final motif of a double).

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1 Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

1 Świat i Słowo

1 Horváth T.

1 Tomalak B.

1 2017

1 2012

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