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1

THE PRAGMATICS OF POLITENESS

100%
Szili K.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2007
|
vol. 131
|
issue 1
1-17
EN
Pragmatics deviates from traditional interpretations of politeness both in its concept and terminology and in the way it delineates the range of phenomena to be explored. This paper discusses these differences in terms of two dominant theories of politeness: Leech's Conversational Maxims, and Brown and Levinson's notion of face-work. The author puts both theories into wider perspective and compares them, noting their virtues and shortcomings. Being less well known of the two, Brown and Levinson's theory is given a more detailed treatment, going through the changes that the concept of 'face' has undergone, and discussing each type of face-threatening acts that those two scholars have defined. The aim of the author is to encourage, by her analytical review, an increase in the number and scope of pragmatic studies in this country.
2
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Zdvořilost v posudcích závěrečných vysokoškolských prací

100%
Chejnová P.
Bohemistyka
|
2012
|
vol. 12
|
issue 3
EN
In the article there are described the ways the authors of assessment of the diploma thesis choose politeness strategies to save the addressee´s face. The research was carried at Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, where 120 diploma and bachelor thesis assessments were analysed. The most frequent linguistic means that were used by the authors of the assessment were conditional and questions instead of imperative, indirect forms of addressing and using modifying adverbs.
3
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Polskie gry honoryfikatywne. Czego nie widać?

88%
Jabłoński A.
Homo Ludens
|
2013
|
issue 1(5)
83-92
EN
It seems a common conviction that contemporary Polish honorifics are subject to oversimplification. The process is usually recognized in terms of switching from the situation of a choice between the T/V forms to abandoning the choice in favour of plain T forms. Yet, the phenomenon seems more complex. This paper raises the issue of the invisible, though significant consequences of contemporary honorific decisions in Polish.
4

POLITENESS FACTORS IN REQUESTS FORMULATED IN THE “CATEGORY WIDTH” COGNITIVE STYLE

88%
Stranovská E., Fráterová Z., Munková D., Műglová D.
Studia Psychologica
|
2012
|
vol. 54
|
issue 2
111 – 124
EN
The paper focuses on analysing speech acts in the process of formulating requests in the ‘category width’ cognitive style in a foreign language and mother tongue. We particularly focus on identifying the relation between politeness factors used by broad, medium broad and narrow categorizers in using speech acts of request in a foreign language and mother tongue. Politeness factors are divided into social factors: attention getters, the listener’s (direct formulation of requests) and speaker’s perspective (indirect formulation of requests) and expressive factors: pre-sequences, post-sequences, mitigating devices and minimizers. Our research was carried out on a sample of university students of English, German and Spanish. It is remarkable that narrow categorizers use politeness factors on a larger scale in foreign language than in their mother tongue and broad categorizers use politeness factors more extensively in their mother tongue. Additional research results are discussed in the present paper.
5

Schrijfpraktijk in zakelijke brieven. Een vergelijkende studie van de hantering van beleefdheitsstrategieen in Poolse, Nederlandse en Vlaamse direct-mailbrieven

75%
Waterlot M.
Neerlandica Wratislaviensia
|
2010
|
vol. 19
175-194
EN
This contribution reports on an investigation of the handling of politeness strategies in Polish, Flemish and Dutch direct mail letters. The research is situated within the domain of pragmalinguistics and aims to enhance the communicative and pragmatic competence of Polish native-speakers who are dealing with the writing or translating of this type of letters from or to Dutch and vice versa. It provides insights into how this medium is being used to communicate with (potential) customers. Accordingly, the central research question has been formulated as follows: How do Dutch, Polish and Flemish people deal with politeness strategies in their direct mail letters? In order to provide an answer to this question, a corpus analysis of 218 traditional direct mail letters (classified into three categories on the basis of their purpose and content) has been performed using the politeness theory of Penelope Brown and Stephen Levison.
6
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Posuny ve zdvořilostních strategiích v současné české společnosti

75%
Chejnová P.
Bohemistyka
|
2013
|
vol. 13
|
issue 1
15 - 34
EN
The presented article deals with communicative and politeness strategies chosen by Czech native speakers. The method of the research was a discourse completion test; data collected in 2003 and 2011 were compared. Several situations (forms of addressing, thanks, apologies) were presented to the informants, their task was to write down a spontaneous reaction. In relation to Hofstede's dimensional model several observations were made: power index is getting smaller in formal communicative situations, the use od academic titles declines. There is a rising tendency to individualism and competition, speakers often violate modesty maxim, express their needs and emotions more openly. However, the low tolerance of uncertainty does not allow those tendencies to be manifest in formal situations where there is a great risk of face loss, in formal situations speakers prefer stereotypical formulas and chose indirect strategies.
7

Kommunikative Nähe, Distanz und Höflichkeit in den polnischen Anrede- und Begrüßungsformeln einer E-Mail

51%
Smolińska M.
Germanica Wratislaviensia
|
2012
|
vol. 135
155-165
EN
In the present article both the address and greeting forms are discussed in relation to the Polish electronic (e-mail) correspondence as far as language politeness is concerned. In particular the morphosyntactic and lexical ways of implementing the greeting and address expressions are discussed. The address form analysis lets us isolate from the Polish greeting and address forms used in electronic correspondence the ones that are considered to be polite, less polite or excessively polite. For the requirements of such division the model of mutual respect and kindness between the communication partners has been chosen.
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