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Pamiętnik Literacki
|
2009
|
vol. 100
|
issue 2
145-156
EN
The article is an attempt to describe the characteristics of public speech genre in its contemporary form. Statements on the matter are formulated on the basis of analysis of the famous public addresses which made history, and coming mostly 20th century, but also newer ones: John F. Kennedy, Martin L. King, Lech Walesa, John Paul II, Barack Obama. Genre markers of the address closely connect this type of expression with the time of speaking, place, situation, and the real audience. Moreover, the public speech is well set in the customs of today's popular culture, especially in its media aspect. Public address can be of two different types - political, and sacral. An example of the latter is 2006 Benedict XVI's speech in Auschwitz-Birkenau. A detailed analysis of the speech and its semiotic embedding, intertextual relationships, the position of the speaking subject, and the construction of the event being the visit of the Pope - a German - in the concentration camp allow to note that the address in question unites man's and God's perspectives of perception of the good, evil, suffering, and forgiveness. The construction of the speech calls up certain associations with the composition of the Ghent Altar where, as Boris Uspiensky shows, with the various plastic techniques corresponding to the stylistics of presentation in different parts of the masterpiece, two different points of view, i.e. 'sacral' (of the God), and 'profane' (a man's) on reality (the world) have been inscribed. Further researches in this matter would call for a hypothesis that a specific genre feature of a particular type of expression referring to the sphere of 'sacrum' regardless of the type of signs used to record it is to be considered.
EN
The author is a synthesis of Benedict XVI’s teaching of marital love and his care for its proper development. The Pope has stressed many times that love is the greatest gift from God. Unfortunately, today the world rejects the biblical image of love. Marital love is threatened by secularism promoting relativism, divorces, homosexual relationships, contraception, abortion, pornography and prostitution. Today’s liberal understanding of love is reduced to the sphere of eros and is deprived of its spiritual dimension. The Pope calls marital love the way of holiness that leads to a full and integral human and Christian development. It is the way of mutual care, the way of the sacraments and prayer and the way of work understood as a profession and involvement in domestic af airs .
EN
In this article the author evaluates the Second Vatican Council and the role of Pope Benedict XV in relation to it nearly half a century later. The author rejects the notion of joining exclusively the spirit and the letter of the council. He argues that in addition to the text of the conciliar documents, one must perceive the spirit of the writing, though expressed implicitly, and this helps to interpret the text in a certain light. This procedure fully corresponds to the tradition of the church, which always interprets its writings. The article is rather critical in evaluating the Pope Benedict, who was a supporter of the reforms but later in life became a conservative and displayed a negative attitude toward the Second Vatican Council. In his reasoning the pope used ahistorical vision of the world, allowed the celebration of the Latin Mass, even without the permission of the local bishop, lifted the excommunication of Lefebvrists, and made other decisions that showed him inclined to promote the conservative ‘reform of the reform’ of the council.
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