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SIMULACE PROCESU VÝROBY POTAŠE TRADIČNÍ TECHNOLOGIÍ

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Cílová Z., Woitsch J.

Študijné zvesti

2009

issue 46

205 - 218

The article is based on description and analysis of the outcomes of the experiments proceeded in the years 2004 and 2006 during that the traditional potash production technology has been restored according to written sources from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries as well as to the experiments already done in Sweden and Poland. The authors present a wide range of chemical analysis (based i. a. on powder X-ray diffraction and XRF spectrometry) of produced spruce, beech, fern and oats straw ashes, raw and calcinated potash and emphasise its importance for the study of the history of glassmaking in the Central Europe. The most important conclusions are: differences of chemical composition between beech, spruce, fern and straw potash were rather substantial (especially higher content of CaO, SiO2, MgO, MnO and P2O5 in spruce potash and high content of SiO2, P2O5, SO3 and Cl in fern and straw potash). Burning ferns and straw for ash is much more efficient, however, especially the use of fern, as proved by the experiment, was complicated by the impossibility to obtain greater volumes of the plant in the past. The experiments have also shown that the burning temperature of wood as well as composition of soil on which the plant had grown influences the chemical composition and quality of potash; finally calcination had only inconsiderable influence on the purity of obtained product.

UPLATNENIE DREVÍN A RASTLÍN V SKLÁRSTVE

100%

Mihályiová J.

Študijné zvesti

2009

issue 46

171 - 177

In the article woods and plants are given, which were used in glass production as firewood, for production of potash, glassworker’s moulds, and handles of implements or for molten glass purification. Wood of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) was the most calorific and very frequently used in glassmaking workshops. Developing glass production resulted in increasing wood usage and caused its subsequent shortage. The beech wood was substituted for less calorific woods of oak (Quercus sp.), ash (Fraxinus sp.), pine (Pinus sp.), spruce (Picea sp.), maple (Acer sp.) or willow (Salix sp.). The beech wood was exclusively used for production of potash, what is chemical matter added to glass batch to influence a glass melt quality. Shortage of this wood forced glassmakers to look for new raw materials with high alkaline content. Abundant plant material that was usable was offered by straw of cereals: wheat (Triticum sp.), barley (Hordeum sp.), sunflower (Helianthus sp.), maize (Zea mays), leaves of bean (Phaseolus sp.), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), pressed remains of grapes (Vitis sp.) and waste from distillation of spirit from sugar-making molasses (beta vulgaris). Wild plants of thistle (Cardus sp.), celandine (Chelidonium sp.), nettle (Urtica sp.) and aubergine (Solanum sp.) were usable as well. One thousand kilograms of beech wood was used to produce 1 kg of potash, while 25 kg of potash could be made from sunflower remains. Physical qualities of beech wood met all requirements of production of glass moulds or implement handles. The wood of pear (Pyrus sp.) and plum (Prunus sp.) are known to be used as well. Although there were attempts to substitute the beech wood for another woods and plants, no alternative raw material compared to beech wood. This was achieved by chemically produced mineral salts only.

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2 Študijné zvesti

1 Cílová Z.

1 Mihályiová J.

1 Woitsch J.

2 2009

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SIMULACE PROCESU VÝROBY POTAŠE TRADIČNÍ TECHNOLOGIÍ

UPLATNENIE DREVÍN A RASTLÍN V SKLÁRSTVE