Search results

1

FROM POWERTY TO SOCIAL EXCLUSION

100%

Dzambazovic R., Gerbery D.

Sociológia (Sociology)

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2005

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vol. 37

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issue 2

143-176

EN

The term 'social exclusion' dominates both the discussions and fight against poverty in the European Union. It has entered the Slovak politics as an imported notion and is utilised without any expert and public discussion. The aim of this study is to draw the attention to the process of conceptualisation regarding social exclusion. The authors clarify differences as well as social aspects of the academic and political discourse on poverty and social exclusion in Western European countries. Furthermore, they describe and explain the content of the concepts and how the term's content changes in relation to time (the old and the new poverty) and context (science versus politics). The political denotation and impacts of social exclusion is also analysed. This contribution offers an overview of various facets of social exclusion and possibilities of their operationalisation.

2

Housing policy towards poverty and social exclusion

80%

Zaniewska H.

Polityka Społeczna

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2006

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vol. 33

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issue 11-12(392-393)

33-35

EN

The article presents outcomes of analyses and own research on the impact of social and economic transformation on housing. The transformation affected vulnerable groups for which access to housing has been restricted and differentiated housing situation and conditions in Polish society. Such a situation manifests itself in overcrowded flats (mainly small ones) and low housing quality. It could be described by criteria and features of housing poverty that by law should be counteracted by local government (gmina). However, problems of housing needs of the poor remain unsolved.

3

INTERGENERATIONAL INHERITANCE OF POVERTY: BAD NEWS FOR CHILDREN, CHALLENGES FOR POLICY

80%

Henley-Walters L.

Przegląd Socjologiczny

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2007

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vol. 56

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issue 2

27-42

EN

International comparative studies prove that it is children who are at the highest risk of poverty, which results in the reproduction of poverty. Identifying the most crucial factors influencing children's poverty, the authorewss emphasizes the interdependence of social and genetic determinants impacting the opportunities of children growing up in families of low social status. In this perspective, transmission of poverty is even more multi-dimensional than seen from classical sociological standpoints. In the authoress' opinion, it is recommended not to disregard the biological factors, frequently determined by social environment.

4

THE WORKING POOR IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

80%

Stanaszek A.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2004

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vol. 48

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issue 2

143-169

EN

The purpose of this paper is to depict the population of the working poor in Poland, the EU, the USA and developing countries. The socioeconomic transformations of the last thirty years (e.g. high-tech revolution, globalization, time-space compression) have completely changed and are still changing the labour market. A shift from mass production (Fordism) to flexible specialization (post-Fordism) has caused the erosion of the 'old world of work'. In an era of disorganized capitalism, the work becomes on the one hand more flexible, and on the other less secure. This contributes to greater instability of employment, as well as leads to social disparities and poverty in the labour market.

5

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-ESTEEM, AGGRESSION AND POVERTY

80%

Mikulášková G., Adamkovič M.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2018

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vol. 21

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issue 1

-

EN

The presented study had two objectives - to verify whether there is a difference between the poor and non-poor people in self-esteem and aggression; and to verify if poverty moderates the relationship between self-esteem and aggression. The study hypothesize that people included in the group of poor will experience lower self-esteem and higher aggression compared to the group of non-poor, and additionally that poverty will moderate the link between self-esteem and aggression. The research sample consisted of 86 employed persons (48 women). The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) aged between 25 and 59 (M = 33.58 SD = 8.10); and (2) a permanent monthly income. Two research tools were used - self-esteem was investigated through the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1965) and aggression was assessed using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ; Buss & Perry, 1992). The study confirmed that poverty is a determinant of impaired self-esteem, but based on the available evidence, it is not possible to conclude whether or not poverty affects aggression. Moreover, the effect of poverty on moderating the relationship between self-esteem and aggression was confirmed. The link between aggression and self-esteem was found to be weak in the group of poor people, whereas aggression was shown to be a relatively strong predictor of self-esteem in the group of non-poor people. The limitations of this study are the inclusion criteria for the poor (up to 400€), the sample size and the sampling method.

6

Educational system, poverty and social exclusion

80%

Tarkowska E., Gorniak K., Kalbarczyk A.

Polityka Społeczna

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2006

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vol. 33

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issue 11-12(392-393)

29-33

EN

The article presents the outcomes of a research study on the ways schools and the system of education in Poland in general approaches poverty and pupils from poor families. The research shows the Polish school as oriented towards satisfaction of current needs of poor children, such as free meals, rather than on long term, developmental ones. In the light of gathered data the Polish school is not a place of social integration and does not teach the values of equality and human solidarity. It also does not support the process of education of poor children and youth. Its certain features (domination of teaching function over upbringing and child care, overly large classes and schools etc.) and practices (segregation, labelling stigmatisation, exclusion) are especially disadvantageous for poor children and youngsters.

7

ROMA CULTURE IN MUSEUM (Kultura Romów w muzeum)

80%

Mann A. B.

Studia Romologica

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2008

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vol. 1

253-264

EN

(Title in Roma language: E Rromenqeri kultura dr-o muzeum). In the context of museum exposition space the author attempts to define which elements of culture are to be considered specifically Romani. He comes to conclusion that nearly the entire material culture of Roma people as well as major parts of its spiritual and social components have been absorbed from the lower stratum of the surrounding cultures. It is then quite futile to try to isolate some particularly unique complex of objects or cultural features as symptomatic of the Roma. One should regard as Romani, whatever the Roma think of as such. The Roma are in general not interested in Roma related publications, they do not tend to will to educate their children in the Roma language and even the Roma parents do not wish their children to know anything about the Roma. The question hence arises about the attitude the Roma have towards their own ethnic identity. Is it of any importance to them at all? In the past they experienced their identity negatively - as a handicap and the majority of them still feel that way today. Some of the Roma deliberately deny its background and culture, forget their language, ignore traditional customs and choose to assimilate. They are those who gained education and a better social position. Becoming aware of the traits of one's culture is one of the manifestations of ethnic identity but the set of „culture's ethnic traits' is not predefined. The national emancipation of Roma is currently being brought about by the efforts of members of the Roma elite but also by encouragement coming from the general population which consider ethnic identity to be a crucial component of their culture and who demand it from the rest of the society. Here is where the author recognizes serious problems that result from establishing 'ethnic museums' - the Roma ones in this case. This should be accompanied with cautious and sensible cultural policy on national level.

8

Dimensions of social structure in Gorzów Wielkopolski. Poverty, unemployment, disability

80%

Rossa J.

Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje

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2005

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vol. 8

133-148

EN

This research report concerns the Gorzów Wielkopolski social structure aspects. It gives information pertinent to poverty line in Gorzów and proportion of unemployed, disabled and the poor. The report was set out on local conference in Gorzów and brought about great surprise in local newspapers and community. It points out deep rooted poverty among Gorzów population and poverty of local budget, which haven't any financial resources for unravelling these social problems. Many other social problems are in strong correlation with the poverty. Particularly a great rental debt of the unemployed and the poor, inequality of financial revenues and life chances or breaking the law to subsistence in institutions of National Health Care Fund. The author points out the necessity to rethink local social policy and set out new active action for locality development. The active social policy implementation is to be concomitant with civil society actions because people in local community are in large measure weeded out from social and political life.

9

PERCEIVED CAUSES OF POVERTY IN THE CONTEXT OF OBJECTIVE POVERTY, SUBJECTIVE POVERTY AND SELECTED SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

80%

Babjáková J., Issmailová S., Babinčák P.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2021

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vol. 24

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issue 1

1 – 17

EN

Previous research on the perceived causes of poverty has been carried out in the field of sociology (Strapcová, 2005) as well as social psychology (Nasser & Abouchedid, 2001). The present study has two objectives. The first one was to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in the individualistic, structural and fatalistic perceived causes of poverty between the objectively poor and objectively non-poor as well as between the subjectively poor and subjectively non-poor. Secondly, it was to identify the predictors of the individualistic, structural and fatalistic perceived causes of poverty among selected variables including gender, age, marital status, employment status, education, objective poverty and subjective poverty. Both a Welch t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to verify the first goal of the study. For the second goal, a multiple hierarchical linear regression analysis stepwise method was used. The findings provide insight into the widely up to now unexplored issue of perceived causes of poverty in Slovakia. Future research on the perceived causes of poverty among the poor could focus on self-assignment of the participant to either the group of the poor or non-poor, distinguish between one's own poverty and the poverty of others and include other variables such as ethnicity, religion, belief in a just world as well as life satisfaction.

10

DIVERSIFICATION OF THE RURAL POPULATION'S INCOMES IN THE LIGHT OF POVERTY THREATENING THAT GROUP

80%

Leszczynska M.

Wieś i Rolnictwo

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2005

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issue 3(128)

145-161

EN

The authoress aimed at analysing and evaluating the diversification of rural population's incomes and, in particular, at analysing the low incomes. The main questions are those pertaining to the scope and depth of income poverty, to its differentiation in the group of farming population and in other social-vocational groups. Objective and subjective poverty were adopted as the main analytical categories.The incomes of the farming population were analyzed having regard to the fact that income is not the sole indicator of the standard of living. However, incomes are the principal factor shaping consumption and they represent a simplified measure serving to assess the standard of living as they constitute the essential condition for the feeling of satisfaction, usefulness or well-being. In turn, incomes allocated to the operation of a farm decide about the possibilities of its development. The analysis covered the socio-economic groups of households run by farmers and by employees owning farms. Unlike in the case of other vocational groups, such households are characterised by a specific combination through which the functions of a farm as a place of work become merged with the functions of a household producing an entity called a family farm. Because of this interdependence the point of reference is not only the farm and the farmer himself but the household and all its members who may have different sources of income.

11

Health and disease vs poverty and social exclusion

80%

Sowa A.

Polityka Społeczna

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2006

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vol. 33

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issue 11-12(392-393)

16-20

EN

The aim of the paper is to analyse relations between poverty, social exclusion and health status of the Polish population in a context of health inequalities research that is common in Western Europe. Significant differences in health status by sex and age as well as socio-economic status are observable. The latter ones are related to expenditures level and unemployment. Another factors that strongly differentiate health status are social networks and social support from the closest ones. Health inequalities in longevity and morbidity on selected diseases (TB) between regions are driven mainly by unemployment level in regions.

12

INCLUSIVE GROWTH IN SELECTED CENTRAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

80%

Domonkos T., Ostrihoň F.

Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)

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2015

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vol. 63

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issue 9

881 – 905

EN

This research aims to investigate inclusive growth in six selected Central European countries (Austria, Germany, and the V4 countries) during the years 2006 – 2012. We have relied on the assumption that pro-poor growth, according to its absolute definition, is in line with the definition of inclusive growth (World Bank, 2009). To investigate pro-poor growth, the poverty equivalent growth rate methodology proposed by Kakwani et al. (2004 and 2008) has been applied. Pro-poor growth has been analysed according to its absolute, relative and poverty reducing definitions. The results show that the selected countries experienced positive economic growth accompanied by absolute pro-poor growth throughout the time range analysed, but in only few time periods, and not for all of the poverty measures applied.

13

Gender a rozvoj: co nás rozděluje, co nás spojuje

80%

Horky O.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2008

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vol. 9

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issue 2

10-21

EN

While gender has gained serious credit on the international development research and policy agenda, this is not reflected in Czech development studies. Likewise, the situation of women living in the developing world has been tackled by Czech gender studies only occasionally. This lack of attention from both Czech academia and Czech civil society is owing to the slow reconstruction of both interdisciplines during the transition and to the prevailing liberalism of Czech society. Even though links between gender and poverty are reflected in the mainstream discourse of international organizations, the author criticizes their underlying liberal assumptions from the viewpoint of feminist economics without acknowledging the capacity of post-modern feminists to tackle lived poverty. While grassroots women's movements in the South reveal diverse theoretical backgrounds, in Czech development cooperation gender is only formally reflected in policy and operational documents. The author demonstrates this strong gender blindness through the example of a presumably gender neutral project on agricultural education in Angola. Czech development cooperation has supported only a few gender projects, which were intended especially for at risk women. In conclusion, the author advocates mainstreaming the gender perspective into Czech development cooperation and, by extending the scope of feminist standpoint theory, argues that the development constituency cannot be genuinely pro-poor without paying special attention to women and the gender constituency cannot pretend to defend women's rights without paying attention to the poor living in the South.

14

„Ludzie – truskawki” i „niepomagalni” – wizerunek biednych w dyskursie prasowym tygodnika Polityka

80%

Starego K.

Teraźniejszość – Człowiek – Edukacja

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2012

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issue 2(58)

37-62

EN

The purpose of this paper is to present findings on the construction of the image of the poor in the influential Polish news magazine “Polityka”. The data were analyzed using the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) methodology. According to the CDA’s perspective the mass-media are important agents in the processes of constructing the dominant vision of social reality. The creation of a particular account of social reality is influenced by the social position, interests and aims of the discourse’s ‘producers’. The research revealed four strategies playing an important role in constructing the image of the poor. The first strategy is situated in a wider perspective of a critique of the public welfare regime. It presumes that providing direct help to the poor has negative consequences such as forming “welfare mentality” in the recipients, making them dependent on the help they receive and thus reducing their chances to become productive citizens. The second strategy is that of defining “social exclusion” as an unchanging state, in which the frontier separating the excluded from the rest of the society is a social constant, separating “health” from “sickness”. As a result, the marginalization of the poor is seen as a natural process. The third strategy is that of dehumanization using objectifying descriptions. The fourth is the “politics of visibility” that aims to present the lives of the poor using “popular ethnography” that invariably presents a dehumanized vision of the Polish poor. The main effect of the four presented strategies is the division of the poor into those who ‘deserve’ and ‘do not deserve’ the help they are given. This, in contrast with the stated progressive aims of the analyzed articles, helps to legitimize rather than question the inequalities and social stratification of the Polish society.

15

POVERTY AND INCOME INEQUALITIES AS SOURCES OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS - A TEST OF THE SPIRIT LEVEL CONCEPT (Bieda i rozpietosc dochodów jako zródla problemów spolecznych - test koncepcji poziomicy)

80%

Karwacki A., Szlendak T.

Polityka Społeczna

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2009

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vol. 36

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issue 8(425)

1-4

EN

The aim of the article is to verify the assumptions by Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate E. Pickett (2009) indicating a strong correlation between the inequality of income range and social problems evidenced in contemporary developed countries (the thesis is called the Spirit Level concept). In the article the concept is tested by the comparison of correlations between poverty measured according to the absolute interpretation (whose indicators are the percentage of people living on less than 5 euros a day and the evidence of difficulty in the payment of water, gas and electricity bills) as well as income range in a given country (measured by means of the Gini index) and such social problems as infant mortality per 1000 births and the number of homicides per 100 000 inhabitants. This relation has been tested in 20 European Union countries. The analyses indicate that the spread of absolute poverty (more than the scale of income inequalities) influences the intensification of social problems occurrences.

16

THE UNEMPLOYED IN THE INTER-WAR PERIOD AND AT THE END OF THE 20TH CENTURY: PROBLEMS, ATTITUDES, NARRATIVES. THE ANALYSIS OF THE DIARIES OF THE UNEMPLOYED

80%

Zawadzka A.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2005

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vol. 49

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issue 2

29-49

EN

The article offers a comparison of diaries written by the unemployed in the 1930s and at the end of the 20th century with particular attention paid to the structural, social and psychological similarities in the plight of the unemployed in those periods. Through an affirmative reading of the diaries, which gives their authors full trust, the authoress traces the sources of income, consequences of poverty and joblessness, attitude to capitalism and their social and psychological condition. Much of the work is devoted to the discussion of differences between women's and men's diaries. The authoress also attempts to find reasons for gender specific personal narratives which the diaries clearly are. She also discusses the question of a self-narrative as a modern way of constructing identity and agency - a painful and often fruitless process for marginalized people.

17

THE TUCHALARS (THE TSAATANS) IN THE FACE OF CHANGE. INTERPRETATIONS OF 'THE DECLINE' OF AN INDIGENOUS CULTURE

80%

Rakowski T.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2004

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vol. 48

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issue 3

97-120

EN

Tuchalars (mong. Tsaatans) are a group of Tuvan reindeer breeders who remained with their herds after the closing down of a collective, kolkhoz-like enterprise in northern Mongolia. For decades they functioned within the framework of a people's state and the absurd economy of the kolkhoz. In the 1990s, when all the state companies folded up, this group of Turkish-language reindeer farmers became an attraction 'on-duty' in the emerging democratic Mongolia as well as almost the main target for various charities and NGOs. In this paper the author discusses the Tuchalars' experience of the social, economic and cultural change. In order to describe cultural dimensions of the change he uses such categories as gift, social exchange, ecology and local knowledge. The description, as it turns out, derives to large extent from the pastoral knowledge and praxis, the shamanism's worldview and particular, local economy. The interpretation of the indigenous experience of change is also an attempt to explain the rapidity of the very process - the process of 'the decline' of indigenous culture.

18

GLOBALIZATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH VERSUS WEALTH TO POVERTY RATIO (Globalizacja, wzrost gospodarczy a relacje biedy i bogactwa)

80%

Bocian A. F.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2008

|

issue 4(40)

109-133

EN

For over 30 years now globalization has been exercising a great impact on national economies. Global growth dynamics has always been closely related to growth in countries considered economically strong. This paper is set against the background of gradual, yet clearly noticeable changes in the global GDP breakdown with special emphasis put on the role the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China) will play during the next five years. The issue of each country's participation in generating the global growth is coupled with an issue regarding participation in profits of global growth as well as calls of reverse redistribution of profits earned only by several counties. The GDP per citizen reveals the truth about actual wealth of different nations as it outlines drastic differences in the quality of living among countries and regions of the world. Upon analyzing data for the past millennium it has been easy to draw a breaking line between wealth and poverty. Data regarding the population living below the poverty line (% living on less than 1USdollar per day) and its accumulation in certain regions of the world is positively shocking. These circumstances pose a viable threat not only to global economic balance but also to safety of nations.

19

POVERTY AS AN ELEMENT OF A PEASANT'S SOCIAL POSITION AND IDENTITY

80%

Michalska S.

Wieś i Rolnictwo

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2005

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issue 3(128)Supp

68-79

EN

Social and economic changes that are currently taking place in Poland result in the greater significance of consumer possibilities and their greater role in perceiving the position of individuals in the consumer society. In the world characterized by the over-production of goods and advertisements continually stimulating new needs the social function of individuals begins more and more often to boil down to the role of consumers. Particularly unfavourable in such a world is the situation of poor people who are not able to satisfy their needs. In Poland, rural areas traditionally constituted an environment where the incomes were lower and the conditions of living were harder. The specific ethos of work and values cherished by the inhabitants of rural areas made it possible to endure difficulties with dignity and ensured poor people a place in the social structure of their community. The progressing changes have weakened the traditional ties and altered the hierarchy of values also that of the rural population. The authoress of the article uses the results of research conducted in six rural communes to analyse changes in the rural population's attitude to the phenomena of poverty and wealth, and to present the opinions of the residents of rural areas about the causes of poverty and about their own standard of living.

20

WORKING POOR IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY (Biedni pracujacy w XXI wieku)

80%

Polak E.

Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo

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2011

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issue 27

18-33

EN

One of the recently observed trends in Poland, as in most other countries, is the increase in the distances between the different income segments of the labor market. This is accompanied by an increase in relative poverty of the employees. In the nineties in the twentieth century the term of working poor appeared. In discussions on poverty, however, many problems are mainly ignored such as: poor workers, fair pay, access to market offers, quality housing, effective health care, modern education and the judiciary. Poverty is mainly associated with unemployment, homelessness and social exclusion. The problem of low salaries is considered a natural consequence of market competition and the skills and labor market activity of individual units. The process of increasing economic stratification is not an autonomous phenomenon, arising only from the different attitudes, life strategies, skills, abilities and determination of individual units, but increasingly it is the consequence of economic liberalization and globalization effect distribution. The existence of poor working reduces the number of unemployed and improves the economic situation of the companies, but generates new problems such as: a growing number of inactive people, unstable employment situation and income, the growing movement of employees, lack of job security, economic and non-economic deprivation of employment, social discontent, social disintegration and hidden unemployment.

Refine search results

FROM POWERTY TO SOCIAL EXCLUSION

Housing policy towards poverty and social exclusion

INTERGENERATIONAL INHERITANCE OF POVERTY: BAD NEWS FOR CHILDREN, CHALLENGES FOR POLICY

THE WORKING POOR IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-ESTEEM, AGGRESSION AND POVERTY

Educational system, poverty and social exclusion

ROMA CULTURE IN MUSEUM (Kultura Romów w muzeum)

Dimensions of social structure in Gorzów Wielkopolski. Poverty, unemployment, disability

PERCEIVED CAUSES OF POVERTY IN THE CONTEXT OF OBJECTIVE POVERTY, SUBJECTIVE POVERTY AND SELECTED SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

DIVERSIFICATION OF THE RURAL POPULATION'S INCOMES IN THE LIGHT OF POVERTY THREATENING THAT GROUP

Health and disease vs poverty and social exclusion

INCLUSIVE GROWTH IN SELECTED CENTRAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

Gender a rozvoj: co nás rozděluje, co nás spojuje

„Ludzie – truskawki” i „niepomagalni” – wizerunek biednych w dyskursie prasowym tygodnika Polityka

POVERTY AND INCOME INEQUALITIES AS SOURCES OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS - A TEST OF THE SPIRIT LEVEL CONCEPT (Bieda i rozpietosc dochodów jako zródla problemów spolecznych - test koncepcji poziomicy)

THE UNEMPLOYED IN THE INTER-WAR PERIOD AND AT THE END OF THE 20TH CENTURY: PROBLEMS, ATTITUDES, NARRATIVES. THE ANALYSIS OF THE DIARIES OF THE UNEMPLOYED

THE TUCHALARS (THE TSAATANS) IN THE FACE OF CHANGE. INTERPRETATIONS OF 'THE DECLINE' OF AN INDIGENOUS CULTURE

GLOBALIZATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH VERSUS WEALTH TO POVERTY RATIO (Globalizacja, wzrost gospodarczy a relacje biedy i bogactwa)

POVERTY AS AN ELEMENT OF A PEASANT'S SOCIAL POSITION AND IDENTITY

WORKING POOR IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY (Biedni pracujacy w XXI wieku)