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Jeńcy austro-węgierscy w niewoli rosyjskiej w okresie przedrewolucyjnym (sierpień 1914 – luty 1917)

100%
Miodowski A.
Białostockie Teki Historyczne
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2016
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vol. Białostockie Teki Historyczne, 2016, tom 14
EN
During the Great War between 2.2 and 2.3 million POWs from the Central Powers were taken to Russian captivity. Most of them were citizens of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. They became POWs mostly during the years 1914–1916. Apart from those captured during fighting or wounded, the captivity was the final destination for deserters and those who voluntarily decided to surrender themselves to the enemy on the battlefield. The motives of the latter ones were varied. Irrespective of the circumstances, however, in which the Austro-Hungarian solders found themselves in Russian captivity, their further fates as POWs were equally harsh. The hardships of captivity were felt more by the officers and Austrian and Hungarian soldiers, and to a lesser degree by those from the so-called “friendly nations”. POWs of Slavic ethnicity had been treated, prior to February 1917, relatively favourably and had much more freedom in, for instance, everyday contacts with the Russian civilian population. The period of captivity lasting several years put many Austro-Hungarian POWs (mainly Slavs) onto the path of enculturation with Russianness. That process and a parallel socialisation of this particular group of military men forced to learn to live among Russians both remain the most intriguing and still un-researched social phenomena caused by the Great War. That process gained new dynamics and another direction due to the outbreak of both Russian revolutions in 1917. Especially the latter one brought about by bolsheviks resulted in grave consequences not only in terms of individual dimension affecting individual POWs, but also in a wider social dimension, the consequences of which were to become apparent on a wider spectrum and after a longer time, i.e. in the home countries of the POWs upon their return from captivity.
2

Váleční zajatci v Rakousku-Uhersku v letech 1914–1918

63%
Moritz V., Walleczek-Fritz J.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2014
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vol. 24
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issue 4
281 - 292
EN
The following article offers an overview of the central fields of research concerning Prisoners of War (POWs) in the Habsburg Empire during World War One, including living conditions in war camps, propaganda campaigns, forced labour and repatriation. The text also shows the discrepancy between the principles of Austro-Hungarian authorities relating to POW politics and an often harsh reality: All POWs were affected by the supply shortages which began in 1916 or even earlier: Thousands of POWs died from disease, exhaustion and undernourishment. In addition, soon after their capture POWs were confronted with the introduction of a new dimension of captivity: forced labour. The majority of prisoners were used for several work projects in the hinterland, behind the Austro-Hungarian front lines and even in the combat zones. The article also illustrates how the Russian Revolutions in 1917 influenced the fate of POWs in the Habsburg Monarchy.
3

ŻYCIE JEŃCÓW Z UKRAIŃSKIEJ ARMII HALICKIEJ W OBOZIE W PIKULICACH W ŚWIETLE CZTERECH ŹRÓDEŁ Z LAT 1919–1920

63%
Węglewicz W.
Rocznik Przemyski
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2017
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vol. 53
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issue 1(20): Historia
249-274
EN
The article presents four documents connected with the POW camp no. 4 in Pikulice between July 1919 and February 1920. Two of them are reports of the stay there (one is anonymous, one by Lieutenant Jarosław Diakon), written soon after the described events; the others are: a petition to the Command of the General District of Lviv and an application of four prisoners to the Ukrainian Civic Committee. The documents faithfully render the conditions in the camp and additionally inform what the epidemics of typhus and dysentery looked like, the diseases that took the life of many UGA prisoners. The texts provide a considerable research value, although they are not devoid of bias.
4
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Sport polski w cieniu swastyki. Szkic historiograficzny

63%
Wryk R.
Przegląd Zachodni
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2018
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issue 4(369)
7-34
EN
The article deals with the subject matter of Polish sport during World War II. This issue falls within the spheres of both the everyday life of Poles under German occupation and the civil underground movement. Taken in broader terms it pertains to the fate of Poles during the war. Despite considerable literature on various aspects of the fate of Poles and Poland in the years of World War II, the Polish sport of that period still awaits a comprehensive source based study. The article shows the place of Polish sport in the years 1939-1945 in Polish historiography. In the literature of the subject historians have taken up such problems as the underground sport movement in General Gouvernement and the territories annexed to the Reich, sport in POW camps, sport life in German concentration camps, the participation of athletes in campaigns on all the war fronts as well as in the armed and civil underground resistance movement of the Polish Underground State, human losses of Polish sport in the years 1939-1945. Although the literature on the subject of Polish sport in the years of World War II is quite abundant, most of the studies are fragmentary and quite often merely contributory. As yet, Polish historiography has not ventured to produce a synthetic study offering a multifaceted discussion of the problem of Polish sport during World War II.
5
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Jeńcy wojenni, uchodźcy, zakładnicy i deportowani z Galicji w latach I wojny światowej na terenie Imperium Rosyjskiego

51%
Pająk J. Z.
Dzieje Najnowsze
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2020
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vol. 52
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issue 3
21-52
EN
The Great War of 1914–18 that embroiled all Europe had a particular impact on the people inhabiting its central and eastern parts. One of the most important issues at that time was the problem of war migrations that in this area affected several millions of people. The presented text brings up the little known question of the war experience of the inhabitants of Galicia who most of that period lived as refugees or prisoners of war in the territory of the Russian Empire.
PL
Wielka Wojna 1914–1918 tocząca się na terenie całej Europy w szczególny sposób doświadczyła mieszkańców jej środkowej i wschodniej części. Jedną z najważniejszych kwestii stanowił w tym czasie problem migracji wojennych, który na tym obszarze objął kilkanaście milionów ludzi. Przedstawiany tekst podejmuje mało znaną kwestię doświadczenia wojennego tych mieszkańców Galicji, którzy większość tego okresu przeżyli jako uchodźcy bądź jeńcy wojenni na terenach Imperium Rosyjskiego.
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