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EN
There were a few thousand Polish communists in Soviet Russia in the first years after the October Revolution. The Polish Bureau of Agitation and Propaganda at the Russian Communist Party [Bolsheviks] – the so-called Polbiuro – was the most important agenda of Polish communists. This article concerns the position of Polish communists in the Soviet state, their role in the Polish-Bolshevik War, activity amongst the Polish population in post-revolutionary Russia as well as amongst Polish POWs. The article is an attempt to answer the question: how to evaluate the activity of Polish communists in the Soviet country in the first years after the revolution? Text is based mainly on archival material from the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (RGASPI) in Moscow and collections of a few Ukrainian and Polish archives (Donetsk, Warsaw).
EN
This paper engages Cathy Caruth’s thinking about trauma, Marianne Hirsch’s notion of postmemory, and Giorgio Agamben’s theorising of bearing witness to examine the affective performance of remembering in Richard Flanagan’s novel The Narrow Road to the Deep North. Reading the narrative as a postmemorial account of Japan’s internment of Australian POWs in Burma during the Second World War, I focus on the body as a site of both wounding and witnessing to show how the affective relays between pleasure and pain reanimate the epistemological drama of lived experience and highlight the ambivalence of passion as a trope for both suffering and love. Framed by its intertextual homage to Matsuo Bashō’s poetic masterpiece of the same name, the Australian narrative of survival is shown to emerge from the collapse of the referential certainties underlying the binaries of victim/ victimiser, witness/perpetrator, human/inhuman, and remembering/forgetting. In Flanagan’s ethical imagination, bearing witness calls for a visceral rethinking of historical subjectivity that binds the world to consciousness as a source of both brutality and beauty.
EN
This paper focuses on the efforts of functionaries of the Russian Orthodox Church to propagate the Orthodox faith among Catholic Czechs who came to the territory of the Russian Empire during the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century, with the goal of achieving their conversion from Catholicism to the Orthodox faith. The period of the so-called Great War or First World War is the focus of attention, but only until the autumn of 1917 with regard to the political changes taking place in the Russian Empire. The efforts of Orthodox preachers and other functionaries of the Russian Orthodox Church to influence the spiritual profile of Catholic Czechs, who were joined by defectors from the Austrian-Hungarian armies and prisoners of Czech nationality at the time, culminated during the World War. As sources of Russian and other provenience demonstrate, not even the universal support of the Petrograd Holy Synod assured the success of these efforts. The paper also demonstrates that the entire matter was meticulously monitored by the Papal Curia. This paper, which is of an analytical nature, is valuable due to the newly discovered sources, which correspond with the conclusions of existing literature about the conversion of Czechs in Russia to the Orthodox faith to a specific degree.
Dzieje Najnowsze
|
2020
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vol. 52
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issue 3
21-52
EN
The Great War of 1914–18 that embroiled all Europe had a particular impact on the people inhabiting its central and eastern parts. One of the most important issues at that time was the problem of war migrations that in this area affected several millions of people. The presented text brings up the little known question of the war experience of the inhabitants of Galicia who most of that period lived as refugees or prisoners of war in the territory of the Russian Empire.
PL
Wielka Wojna 1914–1918 tocząca się na terenie całej Europy w szczególny sposób doświadczyła mieszkańców jej środkowej i wschodniej części. Jedną z najważniejszych kwestii stanowił w tym czasie problem migracji wojennych, który na tym obszarze objął kilkanaście milionów ludzi. Przedstawiany tekst podejmuje mało znaną kwestię doświadczenia wojennego tych mieszkańców Galicji, którzy większość tego okresu przeżyli jako uchodźcy bądź jeńcy wojenni na terenach Imperium Rosyjskiego.
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