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Zoroastrian penal law II: Substantive law and law of procedure

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Jany J.

Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)

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2006

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vol. 24

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issue 3

359-378

EN

In the first essay concerning Zoroastrian penal legal tradition we established two theories of punishments, one secular and one religious. Basing on these results we now turn to the substantive law and law of procedure. Zoroastrian penal law distinguishes different types of crimes and sins (framan, agrift, oyrist, ardus, khwar, bazay, yat, tanapuhl) according to the severity of each crime. Some of these categories (agrift, oyrist) reflect ancient tradition going back to remote antiquity. The delinquents of the capital crimes were called 'margarzan' (worthy of death) who offended the basic norms of Zoroastrian ethics and ritual or threatened the political interests of the state. Since every crime was enlisted in one of the above categories, they were generic terms. Criminal procedure was either accusatorial or inquisitorial, depending on the nature of each crime. In cases of importance the king passed the judgement, never, however, without the assistance of the priestly class. Jails served to prevent the accused to flee, although he could be released on bail. Punishments were severe, including several types of capital punishment such as crucifixion, stoning, beheading by the sword and burning. As the Syriac Acts of Martyrs show members of non-Zoroastrian minority groups, above all Christians, were prosecuted by the means of criminal law. In the forthcoming third part of the series of essays we examine the impact of modernity on the Zoroastrian legal tradition.

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К ИСТОРИИ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ПОУЧЕНИЯ НОВОПОСТАВЛЕННОМУ СВЯЩЕННИКУ

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Beljakova E. V.

Slavica Slovaca

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2023

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vol. 58

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issue 2

349 - 357

EN

The article traces the history of the “Instructions to the newly appointed priest” from the 13th to the 20th century. This text was created in Rus’ and has a compilation character. It exists in two editions – the Full one (from the 13th century) and the Short one, which is known from the manuscript copies from the beginning of the 15th century and possibly associated with Metropolitan Cyprian. The “Instruction” was given to the priest during the liturgy; and this has determined the distribution of the text. The language of the “Instruction” was regularly updated; in the Kyiv Metropolis, it included the vocabulary of “prosta mova”. The “Instruction” was repeatedly published in print both in the Moscow Patriarchate and in the Kyiv Metropolis, supplied with comments on incomprehensible words. The last analysed edition originated in 1930 in Warsaw. The history of the “Instruction” testifies to the remarkable stability of the text, despite its archaic nature.

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SPOSOBY RADZENIA SOBIE MIGRANTÓW SPECJALISTÓW – PRZYPADEK DOKTORANTÓW UNIWERSYTETÓW PAPIESKICH W RZYMIE

63%

Hennel-Brzozowska A.

Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

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2016

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vol. 42

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issue 2 (160)

247-265

PL

Przeprowadzono badanie nad sposobami radzenia sobie z wyzwaniami migracji jako doświadczenia życiowego (stresu) w małej grupie migrantów specjalistów – doktorantów Papieskich Uniwersytetów w Rzymie, metodą wywiadu częściowo ustrukturyzowanego oraz badanie kultury organizacyjnej tych instytucji, zawierającej wypracowane długoterminowo sposoby adaptacji kulturowej studentów zagranicznych, za pomocą obserwacji uczestniczącej. Analiza sposobów radzenia sobie badanych z migracją jako doświadczeniem życiowym została dokonana na bazie koncepcji radzenia sobie ze stresem, rozumianym zgodnie z teorią salutogenetyczną Aarona Antonovsky’ego.

EN

A small group of highly skilled migrants – priests pursuing doctoral studies in Pontifical Universities in Rome - has been interviewed to research their ways of coping with migration challenges. Pontifical Universities are academic institutions characterised by a specific international and intercultural organizational culture which features long-term, elaborated ways of foreign students’ cultural adaptation. The specificity of this process has been studied by means of interviews and the author’s participative observation. Coping with the migration experience has been analised from the perspective of coping with stress, defined according to Aaron Antonovsky’s salutogenetic theory.

Refine search results

1 Slavica Slovaca

1 Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny

1 Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)

1 Beljakova E. V.

1 Hennel-Brzozowska A.

1 Jany J.

1 2023

1 2016

1 2006

Zoroastrian penal law II: Substantive law and law of procedure

К ИСТОРИИ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ПОУЧЕНИЯ НОВОПОСТАВЛЕННОМУ СВЯЩЕННИКУ

SPOSOBY RADZENIA SOBIE MIGRANTÓW SPECJALISTÓW – PRZYPADEK DOKTORANTÓW UNIWERSYTETÓW PAPIESKICH W RZYMIE