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PRISONERS-OF-WAR EXCHANGE SYSTEM DURING THE CIVIL WAR IN 1861-1862 (System wymiany jenców wojennych w wojnie secesyjnej w latch 1861-1862)

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Niewinski L.

Białostockie Teki Historyczne

2009

vol. 7

51-72

The beginning of the Civil War gave rise to the problem of a recognition of the Confederated States of America as a belligerent. Such a recognition could result from governmental activities aiming at the suppression of the uprising. An exchange of prisoners-of-war is one of the most important of these activities. From the very beginning of the conflict Abraham Lincoln's administration maintained that the exchange of prisoners-of- war with the South should not take place. At the end of 1861 both governments started informal negotiations concerning this issue. Two victorious for the Union battles - of Henry and Donelson forts - led to a suspension of talks on February 22, 1862. The negotiations were resumed on July 22, 1862 in Haxall's Landing on the river James, Virginia, where a cartel stating general conditions of the prisoner-of-war exchange was signed. Both negotiators - General Major John A. Dix (on the side of the Union) and General Major Daniel H. Hill (on the side of the Confederacy) - were authorised by their governments to settle such an agreement - called the 'Dix-Hill Cartel'. After over a year of the conflict both sides could finally exchange prisoners-of-war.

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1 Białostockie Teki Historyczne

1 Niewinski L.

1 2009

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PRISONERS-OF-WAR EXCHANGE SYSTEM DURING THE CIVIL WAR IN 1861-1862 (System wymiany jenców wojennych w wojnie secesyjnej w latch 1861-1862)