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JANOVO ZJEVENÍ A PASTÝŘ HERMŮV JAKO PROROCKÉ SPISY RANÉ CÍRKVE

100%
Přibyl S.
Verba Theologica. Teologický časopis
|
2013
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vol. 12
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issue 2
63 – 72
EN
The article presents two early Christian prophetic writings: the Revelation of John and the Shepherd of Hermas. The books were written at the time when the Church has failed the original prophetic ministry, which we know especially from Paul‘s letters and the Didache document. John as the author of Revelation presents himself as a prophetic figure and his work is also devoted to prophecy. Johannine literature by itself knows the sayings attributed to Jesus Christ himself, which were in fact uttered by Christian prophets. The work written by Hermas was not admitted to the New Testament canon. It was written in the first half of the second century and represents the last major witness of Christian orthodox divination. It displays the structure of the Church of Rome with branched services and charismata. Of particular interest are its characteristics of false prophets. Later montanist movement sought to revive the old prophetic practice, however, a tendency to ecstasy and excessive austerity obscured its original meaning.
2

THE LAST MINUTES OF OUR EARTH (Meie maakera viimased minutid)

100%
Koiva M.
Mäetagused
|
2010
|
vol. 46
115-138
EN
The article seeks to compare popular omens of the end of the world with the auguries of prophets. Both traditions reflect societal and cultural changes, the fears for doomsday tend to integrate new interpretations and causes for destruction. Astronomic celestial phenomena retain their relevance whereas the recent discoveries in astronomy, physics, genetics and other sciences have remarkably complemented the list omens for the end of the world. Latter-day prophecies leashed by human behaviour and intellect, alien civilisations and other relevant motifs have come to the forefront during the last century. Prophetic predictions propose fixed dates, represent certain political or ideological trends, associated with social norms and evoked as a result of changes therein. Among the prophetic messages there are stereotypical expressions and omens which have been adapted and attributed to different persons. Karl Tonisson's leaflet Meie maakera viimased minutid 'The Last Minutes of Our Earth', printed in 1907, is a political-apocalyptic contemplation based on scriptural passages substantiated by references to scholarly works, illustrated with five woodcuts. The omens of the end of the world, listed by the author, comprise an earthquake in Lisbon in 1795, a dark day in New England in 1780 and the 1833 meteor storm in America. The discussions presented in the leaflet differ from Tonisson's later self-centred political fantasies on Pan-Baltonia, and the ideology and rhetoric of the booklets endeavouring to create a native religion merged with Buddhism.
3
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Święci w kalendarzowej praktyce liturgicznej Kościola prawosławnego

67%
Charkiewicz J.
ELPIS
|
2011
|
vol. 13
|
issue 23-24
205-226
EN
The process of forming a church calendars in the context of placing the names of saints was an important part of the veneration of saints in the Orthodox Church. The establishment of the day or days of prayer to them was a long and complicated process. Despite of the general foreword, the article deals with initial part of that process, beginning from the edict of Milan of 313 up to 10th century. Author talks about the evaluation of the veneration of different types of the sanctity (holiness): martyrs, apostles, saint hierarchs of the Church, venerable (monastic), right-believing, unmercenary physicians, fool-for-Christ in calendar context. The placing of their names into so called diptychs initially was local. The lists of martyrs from diptychs (kind of ancients calendars) were presented during the service in the temples. Later, step by step, knowledge of these saints became wider and finally names of the saints found their place in calendar of whole Church. The article presents the best know ancient Church calendars, beginning from the lists of martyrs in the order of their death, i.e. Roman 'Depositio martyrum' of the year of 354. Than it gives short outline of 'Chronograph' written by Furius Dionisius Filokalus, and wider review of 'Syrian Martyrologium' of 362, which is sometimes called 'the first all-Church calendar' and 'Martyrologium Hieronimianum', that was written in the middle of 5th century - a half of 6th century. The last calendar presented in the article is 'Typicon of the Great Constantinople Church' written in 9th-10th century. Every next calendar had more and more names of saints in them. The author pay some attention to the differences between Western and Easter calendar of those times in the process of their development.
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