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EN
Although the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was not an independent international entity and could not, therefore, form diplomatic relations with other states, Protectorate governments strove to maintain proper links with Slovakia. The Slovak side was also keen to reciprocate. Whereas Protectorate governments maintained relations with Slovak authorities through the intermediary of the State Office for Emigration headed by Spacir, the Slovak Republic established a Consulate General in Prague in May 1939. Karol Jozef Bujnak, a former Czechoslovak career diplomat, who had good knowledge and links with the Czech environment, was appointed as Consul General. Bujnak worked in Prague until the autumn of 1940. Preserved reports refer to conditions in the Protectorate after the outbreak of the war; the demonstrations on 28th October 1918 and persecutions of students on 17th November 1939.
EN
The text reflects on views of the Yugoslav political elite and writing of the Yugoslav press concerning the events in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia from occupation of this territory in March 1939 until the spring of 1941. The Yugoslav leadership adopted a reserved attitude towards the occupation of Czechoslovakia. The Yugoslav press wrote about events in the Protectorate mainly focusing on political events in German newspapers. Although the Yugoslav leadership avoided conflicts with Germany, the presence of the Czechoslovak culture in Yugoslavia signified positive attitudes towards the former Czechoslovakia. An analysis of relevant archival documents and the press shows how Yugoslavia affected the events in the Protectorate from 1939 to 1941.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
|
2023
|
vol. 27
|
issue 1
121 - 151
EN
The Government decree on archaeological monuments issued in 1941 was the first legislative regulation in the Czech lands relating not only to archaeological heritage but to historical monuments in general. Starting from the initiative of Lothar Zotz, the work on the regulation proceeded from the summer of 1940 onwards under the supervision of the Reichsprotektor Office and in cooperation with the Ministry of Schooling and National Education as well as with Jaroslav Böhm, the director of the Archaeological Institute. In January 1941, the Reichsprotektor Office presented its outline to the Protectorate Government, which approved it after some internal discussion in July 1941. It came into force when it was officially published in July 1941. However, the implementation rules which were to be subsequently enlarged were ultimately not approved and work on them was postponed indefinitely in 1943. The actions that the Reichsprotektor Office planned to undertake towards the Archaeological Institute following the Decree were carried out only to a certain extent. Even though a Prehistoric Research committee (Forschungsrat für Vorgeschichte) was established in 1942 in order to coordinate archaeology in the Protectorate, the work on a new Statute of the Institute of Archaeology which would define its role within heritage care was never accomplished.
EN
The article with several chapters is concerned with the gradually increasing strictness of anti-Jewish legislation using the example of the legislative definition of the term “Jew” in the legal systems of the Second Czechoslovak Republic, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and the first Slovak Republic. The individual chapters are concerned mainly with the gradual deviation from the original definition given by confessional and nationality criteria to definitions already directly influenced by the German model. We point to the fact that in contrast to the original attempts to define the term Jew on a confessional or nationality basis, which was determined mainly by the existing tradition of anti-Judaism in Czech and Slovak society, the introduction of the so-called Nuremberg definition was a result of the effort of Germany to get others to copy its own anti-Jewish legislation based on the nonsensical idea of the racial distinctness of the Jewish community. This had a much more drastic impact on the Jewish community in our territory. We pay particular attention to government decree no. 63/1939 Sl. z. on definition of the term “Jew” and setting of the number of Jews in some of the free professions, decree no. 198/1941 Sl. z. on the legal position of Jews, government decree no. 136/1940 Sb. z. a n. on the legal position of Jews in public life and finally government decree no. 85/1942 Sb. z. a n., which issued further legal norms on Jews and people of partly Jewish origin.
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