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Protestantské obce v Srbsku do roku 1953

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Benes S.
Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)
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2008
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vol. 94
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issue 1
61-80
EN
The essay Protestant Communities in Serbia until 1953 concentrates mainly on Protestant communities on the territory of the future Republic of Serbia from its genesis in the 16th century up to 1953, when the Yugoslav government passed a law on religious communities. The article starts with a depiction of the 16th century Slovenian reformation, when it was for the first time spread over the South Slav region. Despite successful re-Catholicization of the territory, the reformation went ahead towards fundamental features of Protestant churches in South Slav countries, which was (and still is), made up predominantly by non-South Slav ethnics of local Protestants. An overwhelming majority of reformist ideas was thus formed by immigrants of German, Hungarian and Slovak nationalities. The essay briefly explains the characteristics of individual churches on the territory and analyses their operation in the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and the Yugoslavian Kingdom. It also informs on the relationship of individual churches with the Josip Broz Tito's post-war communist regime.
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Wybory pastorów ewangelickich w drugiej połowie XIX w. w świetle prasy polskiej Śląska Cieszyńskiego

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Ławrusewicz I.
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
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2013
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vol. 68
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issue 1
23–38
EN
The purpose of this article is the analysis of newspaper reports on the subject of the elections of Evangelical pastors, in the Polish press of Cieszyn Silesia, in the latter part of the 19th century. The discussion on the issue starts with analysis of the imperial patent, statutes and legal regulations made by the cabinet, regarding the Protestants. The newspaper reports allowed for two very different interpretations of the election process. The analysis of the press shows that the members of the Evangelical community had legal and national difficulties when faced with the issue of choosing Church authorities. First category of problems stemmed from delays in elections related to the wait for a new act, or an insufficient number of parishioners with voting rights. The other issue was the result of the relation between nationality and religion, in the political context. Analysis of newspaper reports indicates that the form and the course of the election of Church authorities in Cieszyn Silesia in the latter part of the 19th century undoubtedly had an effect on the growth of national and social identity, mainly due to their democratic nature. The pastors clearly had an enormous effect on the worldview and behaviour of their spiritual wards. Due to those reasons the election of church authorities in the latter part of the 19th century was often influenced by emotions and national bias.
3
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Ludność katolicka i ewangelicka Kępna w XVIII wieku

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Miesiąc-Stępińska A., Rzemieniecki K.
Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski
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2011
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vol. 30
53-77
EN
Kępno lies on the border of Wielkopolska and Silesia. In the 18th century it was part of the Ostrzeszów district in the Sieradz province. The local parish comprised a town and two villages. At that time there were three ethnic groups living in the town: Poles; Protestants from Silesia, mainly Germans; and Jews. The basic occupations of the new inhabitants were crafts (they were mostly cobblers, weavers and linen makers) and trade. The analysis is based on birth, marriage and death registers of the Roman Catholic parish of Kępno, in which not only Catholics but also Protestants were listed. The monthly seasonality of weddings in the parish depended largely on the church calendar and work in the fields. Most marriage ceremonies in both religious groups took place in October, November and January. They were usually held on Sundays and, less frequently, on Tuesdays and Mondays. The ceremonies were witnessed almost invariably by men. Only in exceptional cases would a woman be one of the witnesses. There were also dozen or so marriage ceremonies with three witnesses; in several cases the note “and others” was added. Witnesses were usually people of higher standing or popularity in the local community. In both religious communities the biggest number of children were born in September and October, the smallest — in June. 2.8% of children were born out of wedlock — most of them were Catholic children. People asked to be godparents were mainly men and women who were popular in the local community. The distribution of the number of deaths among people living in Kępno and its vicinity was clearly related to the seasons. The number of deaths in the parish was particularly high towards the end of winter and in early spring as well as late summer, a phenomenon characteristic of all urban and rural communities from the 17th–19th centuries studied so far.
4
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"Jsou to berani, ale můžeme je využít". Čeští evangelíci a komunistický režim 1948-1956

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Matejka O.
Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)
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2007
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vol. 14
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issue 2-3
305-340
EN
In this article the author examines the coexistence of the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren and the Communist regime in the first several years after the Communist takeover, 1948-56. The first part of his analysis, inspired by French and German research on the social history of power by Sandrine Kott and Thomas Lindenberger, outlines the points of contact as well as ideological and political affinities between Protestants and Communists before the February 1948 takeover. These were particularly clear in the Protestant weekly 'Kostnicke jiskry' (Sparks from Constance) after the Second World War. Owing to this rapprochement and also to their reflexes developed for survival in the unfavourable circumstances the Protestant minority adapted with relative success to conditions in the Communist dictatorship. To consolidate themselves, they skilfully used instruments offered by the regime, such as 'voluntary' work groups (brigady), while the regime relied on Protestants (particularly ministers) in some of its important political strategies such as collectivization and elections. The author pays particular attention to the theologian and philosopher Josef Lukl Hromadka (1889-1969), who was, in his day, a central figure amongst Czechoslovak Protestants. His 'instrumentalization' also operated in two directions: in the West, as a representative of Christian peace activities, he helped to create the illusion of religious freedom in Communist Czechoslovakia, but he also served Protestants as a 'shield' and mediator enabling them to establish and maintain contacts with Western theologians. In the article the author also seeks to demonstrate that assiduous analysis of archive records of State, Party, and Church provenance reveals the inner contradictions in the Communist 'apparat' regarding relations with the churches and its own powers as well as links of alliance amongst some of its organs and the churches.
5
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K CIRKEVNEJ SPRÁVE NA ÚZEMÍ JUHOZÁPADNÉHO SLOVENSKA OD DRUHEJ POLOVICE 16. DO PRVEJ POLOVICI 17. STOROČIA

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Lopatková Z.
Konštantínove listy
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2013
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vol. 6
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issue 6
110 – 121
EN
The aim of the article is to characterize the church administration of the south-western part of Slovakia, the so called Podhorský deanery in the early modern era. The church administration has been documented on the basis of the analysis of canonical visitations which provide an authentic image of the social-political and religious situation in the region from the 1560s to the 1650s. According to the visitations from 1560 – 1564, a lot of presbyteries had either no priest or they had one who violated the church discipline. Situation in the church organization of the studied area changed in the first half of the 17th century. Visitations inform us not only about Roman Catholic parishes but also about conditions in the former Roman Catholic, yet at the time of visitations, Protestant or Anabaptist settlements. On the basis of the studied material, we came to the conclusion that changes in the church administration occurred on the arch deanery level, but mostly on the level of deaneries, which means that – in comparison with the past - in the chosen time was a deanery formed by different parishes and filial churches. Reformation and subsequent – though not very fast – establishment of the chain of Protestant and Calvin parishes also influenced the former Roman Catholic Church administration.
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Z KOREŠPONDENCIE JÁNA HOLLÉHO. NIEČO O VZŤAHU JÁNA HOLLÉHO K PROTESTANTSKÝM AUTOROM

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Rišková L.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2015
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vol. 62
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issue 6
495 – 511
EN
Korešpondencia Jána Hollého /The Correspodence of Ján Hollý/, edited by Jozef Ambruš, who published it along with valuable and detailed notes in 1967, is the principal source to have when studying the personality of one of the most significant Slovak poets as well as refining the complex image of Slovak cultural and literary life in the first half of the 19th century. Besides other things, there can be found an important evidence of inter-confessional contacts and cooperation between literary active notables from both Catholic and Protestant environments. This proves that the still existing myth of the mutual „enmity“ between the two „camps“ based on confessional criteria needs to be dispelled.
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HISTORICAL MICRO-NARRATIVE AS AN INSTRUMENT IN THE FORMATION OF COLLECTIVE IDENTITY AND MEMORY. THE SYMBOLIC AND IDEOLOGICAL DIMENSION OF THE VISIT OF ŠTÚR’S GROUP TO JÁN HOLLÝ AT DOBRÁ VODA

75%
Macho P.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2018
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vol. 66
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issue 5
849 - 884
EN
The study analyses the structural elements of the story of the visit of Štúr and two of his followers to the poet Ján Hollý. The meeting of representatives of the Protestant and Catholic intelligentsia in 1843 was a key moment in the Slovak national historical narrative. It symbolizes national unity overcoming confessional limitations. The author studies this story as part of the nationalist repertoire, pointing to its use for the needs of national ideology.
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